PENGARUH DIET NASI DARI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) KULTIVAR IR-64, CEMPO ABANG, DAN CEMPO IRENG TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS JANTUNG DAN AORTA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) HIPERLIPIDEMIA

SISKA ANGGRAINI, Ardaning Nuriliani, S. Si., M. Kes.

2013 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Konsumsi makanan tinggi lemak memicu hiperlipidemia yang dapat menyebabkan atherosklerosis dan penyakit jantung. Hiperlipidemia dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan, diantaranya terkandung dalam beras berpigmen kultivar Cempo Abang (merah) dan Cempo Ireng (hitam). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh diet nasi putih, merah, dan hitam terhadap struktur histologis jantung dan aorta tikus putih hiperlipidemia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok: kontrol normal, kontrol hiperlipidemia, perlakuan diet nasi putih, diet nasi merah, dan diet nasi hitam. Tikus hiperlipidemia dibuat dengan dengan dicekok 1% kolesterol dicampur dengan minyak babi dan kuning telur bebek (1:1) dengan dosis 2 mL/200 g BB. Perlakuan diet nasi putih, merah, dan hitam dengan pemberian pelet mengandung 30% dari nasi tersebut selama 30 hari dengan tetap dibuat hiperlipidemia. Setelah itu induksi hiperlipidemia dihentikan dan pemberian diet nasi dilanjutkan 15 hari Sehari setelah perlakuan berakhir, tikus ditimbang dan dikorbankan, jantung dan aorta diambil, ditimbang, kemudian dibuat irisan melintang (aorta) dan membujur (jantung) dengan metode parafin, fiksatif formalin 10%, tebal irisan 6µm, dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif-komparatif dan rasio berat organ menggunakan One Way Anova. Hasil pengamatan jantung menunjukkan bahwa pada kontrol hiperlipidemia dan diet nasi putih, jantung mengalami nekrosis sedang, hipertropi dan infiltrasi leukosit ringan. Pada diet nasi merah jantung mengalami hipertrofi, nekrosis, dan infiltrasi leukosit ringan, dan pada diet nasi hitam jantung mengalami hipertrofi ringan, nekrosis dan infiltrasi leukosit sedang. Pengamatan aorta menunjukan bahwa pada kontrol hiperlipidemia dan diet nasi putih, aorta mengalami infiltrasi leukosit dan penebalan dinding tingkat ringan. Pada aorta diet nasi merah dan diet nasi hitam mengalami infiltrasi leukosit dan penebalan dinding aorta tingkat ringan. Diet nasi merah dan hitam mampu memperbaiki struktur histologis aorta dan jantung. Baik diet nasi putih, merah, dan hitam, tidak mempengaruhi rasio berat organ jantung dan aorta pada tikus hiperlipidemia.

Consumption of high-fat food can cause hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia can be prevented by antioxidants contained in pigmented rice cultivars, such as Cempo Abang (brown rice) and Cempo Ireng (black rice). This research aimed to study the effect of white, brown, and black rice diet on the histological structure of the heart and aorta of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty five male rats divided into 5 groups: normal control, control of hyperlipidemia, white rice diet treatment, brown rice diet treatment, and black rice diet treatment. Hyperlipidemic rats were administrated with 1% cholesterol, mixed with pork oil and duck egg yolk (1:1) at the dose of 2 mL/200 g BW. White, brown, and black rice dietary treatment were used the basal diet pellets containing 30% of rice during 30 days whitin hiperlipidemic condition maintain. Then, hiperlidemic induction stopped, and rice dietary treatment were maintain for 15 days. A day after the last treatment, the rats were weighed and sacrificed, heart and aorta were taken, weighed, and then made the cross-section (aorta) and longitudinal (heart) with paraffin method, 10% formalin fixative, 6 μm thick slices, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Qualitative analysis was done using descriptive-comparative method and ratio of organ weight using One Way ANOVA. Cardiac observations indicate that the control of hyperlipidemia and white rice diet both showed moderate cardiac necrosis, slight hypertrophy as well as leukocyte infiltration. The heart of rats which treats with brown rice diet show mild hypertrophy as well as necrosis and leukocyte infiltration, and the heart of rats which treats with black rice diet show mild hypertrophy as well as necrosis and leukocyte infiltration. The result showed that the aorta of control of hyperlipidemia and white rice diet, both showed leukocyte infiltration and thickening of the wall on light levels. Aorta of the rats which treats with brown rice diet had leukocyte infiltration and thickening of the aortic wall light levels as well as rats which treats with black rice diet. Based on the result it could be concluded that brown and black rice diet could improve the histological structure of the aorta and heart of hiperlipidemic rats. Diet of white, brown, and black rice, did not affected the ratio of the heart and aorta organ weight in hiperlipidemic rats.

Kata Kunci : hiperlipidemia, nasi merah, nasi hitam, aorta, jantung