PENGARUH DIET NASI DARI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) KULTIVAR CEMPO IRENG, CEMPO ABANG, DAN IR-64 TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS HATI DAN GINJAL TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) HIPERLIPIDEMIA

NITA NURRAHMAWATI, Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si., M.Kes.

2013 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Konsumsi makanan rendah serat, tinggi kalori dan lemak yang tidak diimbangi dengan aktivitas fisik dapat memicu kondisi hiperlipidemia. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan potensi berbagai masalah kesehatan, diantaranya penyakit hati dan gangguan fungsi ginjal. Hiperlipidemia dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan yang terkandung dalam beras berpigmen dari padi kultivar Cempo Ireng (hitam) dan Cempo Abang (merah). Padi tersebut memiliki kadar antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan padi kultivar IR-64. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan diet nasi hitam, nasi merah, dan nasi putih terhadap struktur histologis hati dan ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) jantan hiperlipidemia. Penelitian menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan. Tikus dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok: yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol hiperlipidemia, diet nasi putih, nasi merah, dan nasi hitam. Tikus hiperlipidemia dibuat dengan dicekok campuran 1% kolesterol murni yang dilarutkan dalam minyak babi dan kuning telur bebek dengan rasio 1:1, diberikan dengan dosis 2 mL/200g BB selama 30 hari. Tahap selanjutnya, tikus dipertahankan dalam kondisi hiperlipidemia disertai pemberian pakan pelet mengandung 30% nasi putih, merah, dan hitam selama 30 hari. Setelah itu induksi hiperlipidemia dihentikan, kelompok perlakuan tetap diberi pakan pelet mengandung nasi yang sama selama 15 hari. Setelah perlakuan berakhir tikus ditimbang, dan dikorbankan. Hati dan ginjal diambil, ditimbang, dan dibuat sediaan histologis dengan menggunakan metode parafin, fiksatif formalin 10%, tebal irisan 6 Çm, dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin. Data pendukung berupa rasio berat organ dan berat badan. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan one way ANOVA dan uji Duncan (dengan signifikansi 5%). Pengamatan histologis menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan diet nasi merah dan hitam terjadi perbaikan struktur hati dan ginjal tikus putih hiperlipidemia yang ditandai dengan turunnya tingkat kerusakan sel yang mengalami degenerasi parenkimatosa, degenerasi hidrofik, degenerasi lemak, nekrosis, dan protein cast. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yakni diet nasi merah dan hitam dapat memperbaiki struktur histologis hati dan ginjal, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi indeks organ organ hati dan ginjal pada tikus jantan hiperlipidemia.

Hyperlipidemia can increased risk for certain chronic health condition, such as liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. Hyperlipidemia can be prevented by antioxidants which contained in pigmented rice such as Cempo Ireng (black rice) and Cempo Abang (brown rice). Therefore this research was aimed to determine the effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Cempo Ireng, Cempo Abang, and IR-64 on the histological structure of hyperlipidemic albino rat’s liver and kidney (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). The research was carried out on 25 male albino rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, hyperlipidemic control, dietary treatment with white rice, brown rice, and black rice. Rats were given daily oral administration at the dose of 2 mL/200 g BW mixture solution of 1% cholesterol, pork oil, and duck egg yolks in the ratio 1:1, for 30 days. At the second stage hyperlipidemic condition were maintained, the rats in treatment groups were fed with pellets containing 30% rice from the cultivars IR-64, Cempo Abang, and Cempo Ireng for 30 days. At the third stage hyperlipidemic induction were stopped, while the dietary treatment with white rice, brown rice, and black rice were maintened for15 days. After 75 days of treatment, the rats were sacrified. The liver and kidneys were sampled. Histological preparations were made by paraffin method, fixed in10% formalin solution, sliced with 6 μm thickness, and stained with Haematoxylin- Eosin. Supporting data include ratio of organ weight and rat weight. Ratio of organ weight and rat were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Measurement of organ weight ratio did not show any indication of kidney or liver enlargement. The result of this research showed that the dietary treatment with brown and black rice were able to decreased parenkimatosa degeneration, hidrophic degeneration, lipid degeneration, necrosis, and protein cast on albino rat’s liver and kidney. Ratio of organ weight and rat weight indicate no significant difference (p>0,05) between control and treatment groups. Therefore it could be concluded that the dietary treatment with brown and black rice can improve histological structure of hyperlipidemic albino rat’s liver and kidney.

Kata Kunci : Hiperlipidemia. hati. ginjal. nasi merah. nasi hitam