PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR Turbinaria sp. (PHAEOPHYTA) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KARAKTER ANATOMI KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

RIDHO LESTARI, Dr. Suharyanto, M.Sc., S.U.,

2013 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) merupakan sayuran bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan budidayanya meluas di daerah Asia Tenggara. Kangkung darat umumnya dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu menu di rumah-rumah makan. Produksi kangkung di Indonesia mencapai 50.000-60.000 kg per hektar, tetapi produksinya masih kurang dibanding tanaman lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi tanaman kangkung dapat digunakan pupuk cair rumput laut, salah satunya yang berbahan dasar alga cokelat (Turbinaria sp.). Pupuk cair rumput laut memiliki daya serap air yang tinggi dan menjadi substrat yang baik untuk mikroorganisme tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pupuk cair rumput laut terhadap pertumbuhan dan karakter anatomi kangkung darat, serta mengetahui konsentrasi pupuk cair rumput laut yang paling efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kangkung darat. disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Tanaman kangkung berumur 2 minggu dalam polybag diberi perlakuan pupuk cair rumput laut dengan konsentrasi berbeda: 0%, 0,25%, 0,50%, 1,00%, dan 1,50%. Pemberian pupuk cair rumput laut dilakukan setiap minggu sebanyak 120 ml per polybag dengan cara disemprot. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat basah dan berat kering, kadar air, kadar klorofil, dan kadar karetonoid, sedangkan karakter anatomi yang diukur: tebal batang, tebal trakea batang, tebal daun, tebal berkas pengangkut daun, tebal epidermis daun, ukuran dan kerapatan stomata daun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA (Analisis Variansi) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) taraf signifikansi 5%. rumput laut Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk cair meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan karakter anatomi tanaman kangkung. Konsentrasi optimum pupuk ciar rumput laut 0,50% telah mengakibatkan peningkatan luas daun, biomassa tanaman, kadar klorofil, tebal batang, diameter trakea, ukuran dan kerapatan stomata. Maupun konsentrasi optimum pupuk cair rumput laut 1,00% juga meningkatkan kadar karotenoid, tebal daun, tebal rongga udara, dan ukuran berkas pengangkut daun. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan aplikasi pupuk cair rumput laut konsentrasi antara 0,50% dan 1,00% telah mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung dan meningkatkan ukuran karakter anatominya.

Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) is a high-value vegetables and has been expand cultivated in the Southeast Asian region. Water spinach is commonly consumed by Indonesian people and become one of the menu in restaurants. The production of water spinach in Indonesia reach 50.000-60.000 kg per hectare, but the production is still less than other crops. Crop production of water spinach could be increased by using liquid seaweed fertilizer from brown alga (Turbinaria sp.). Liquid seaweed fertilizer has a high water absorption capacity and became a good substrate for soil microorganisms. The aim of this research was to study the influence of liqiud seaweed fertilizer on the growth and anatomical characters of water spinach, and to know a proper liquid seaweed fertilizer concentration which have the most effect for increasing the growth and development of the water spinach. 5 Randomized complete design was used to this study with treatments, each treatments with 3 replicates. Two weeks of water spinach in a polybag was treated with liquid seaweed fertilizer in different concentration: 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00% and 1.50%. This seaweed liquid fertilizer was given every week as much as 120 ml per polybag by spraying method. Growth parameters were measured: plant height increment, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, water content, chlorophyll content, and levels karetonoid, whereas anatomical character were determined: stem thickness, diameter tracheal, leaf thickness, vascular bundles diameter, leaf epidermis thickness, size and density of leaf stomata. Data were analyzed by using ANAVA (Analysis of Variance) and followed by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) with 5% of significance level. seaweed The results showed that treatment of liquid fertilizer indeed could increased the growth and anatomical characters of water spinach. The optimum concentration of liquid seaweed fertilizer of 0.50% resulted in an increasing leaf area, plant biomass, chlorophyll content, stem thickness, diameter of trachea, size and density of leaf stomata. As well as optimum concentration of liquid seaweed fertilizer of 1.00% could also increased the levels of carotenoids, leaf thickness, air cavity thickness, and leaf vascular bundles. From this study it can be concluded that application of liquid seaweed fertilizer in concentration about 0.50% or 1.00% had been able to influenced the growth and the size of the anatomical character of water spinach.

Kata Kunci : pupuk cair rumput laut, Turbinaria sp., Ipomoea reptans Poir., pertumbuhan tanaman, karakter anatomi