PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN KEMPA DAN PERSENTASE BAHAN PEREKAT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA BRIKET ARANG DARI SERESAH DAUN DAN RANTING AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd.)
NOVI ETIKAWATI, Dr. Ir. J.P. Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.
2013 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTANKebutuhan energi di dunia sebagian besar dipenuhi dari sumber energi fosil. Energi fosil memiliki jumlah yang terbatas dan tidak dapat diperbarui. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sumber energi terbarukan agar tidak tergantung dengan sumber energi fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah biomasa khususnya seresah daun dan ranting akasia (Acacia mangium Willd.), mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan kempa dan persentase bahan perekat, dan mengetahui besar tekanan kempa dan persentase bahan perekat yang optimal dari briket arang seresah daun dan ranting akasia (Acacia mangium Willd.). Limbah seresah daun dan ranting akasia diarangkan dengan suhu karbonisasi 300°C selama ±3 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) dengan dua factor perlakuan yaitu variasi tekanan kempa (1.250 psi, 1.750 psi, dan 2.250 psi) dan persentase bahan perekat (3%, 6%, dan 9%) dengan masing-masing perlakuan lima kali ulangan. Briket arang yang dihasilkan diuji kualitasnya dengan parameter sifat fisika (kadar air, berat jenis, dan nilai kalor) dan sifat kimia (kadar abu, kadar zat mudah menguap, dan kadar karbon terikat). Hasil pengujian sifat fisika dan sifat kimia briket arang sebagai berikut : kadar air (7,349% - 11,130%), berat jenis (0,584 - 0,706), nilai kalor (5000,683 kal/g - 7141,685 kal/g), kadar abu (16,447% - 21,764%), kadar zat mudah menguap (21,869% - 34,275%), dan kadar karbon terikat (37,592% - 47,455%). interaksi antara variasi tekanan kempa dan persentase bahan perekat berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai kadar air, berat jenis, nilai kalor, kadar abu, dan kadar karbon terikat. Briket arang terbaik diperoleh dari kombinasi tekanan kempa 2.250 psi dan persentase bahan perekat 6% dengan hasil sebagai berikut : kadar air 7,349%, berat jenis 0,656, nilai kalor 7141,865 kal/g, kadar abu 19,095%, kadar zat mudah menguap 26,554%, dan kadar karbon terikat 47,002%. Hasil pengujian nilai kalor memenuhi standar Indonesia (SNI).
The using of energy in the world mainly get from fossil energy. Fossil energy have limited amount and unrenewable. It is required to develop renewable energy source. This study aim to add value biomass waste especially leaf and twig litter of Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.), determine the effect of press loads variation and adhesive percentage on physical and chemical properties of charcoal briquette, and determine the optimal amount of press loads and adhesive percentage on charcoal briquette from leaf and twig litter of Acacia mangium Willd. Charcoal briquettes in this study were carbonized at 300°C for 3 hours. This study was designed with completely randomized design with 2 treatment factors. Treatment factors used are press loads variation (1.250 psi, 1.750 psi, and 2.250 psi) and adhesive percentage (3%, 6%, and 9%) with 5 replications. The charcoal briquettes that produce were evaluated for its following quality; include the physical properties (moisture content, specific gravity, and calorific value) and its chemical properties (ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content). The result of this study were presented at the following result : moisture content (7,349% - 11,130%), specific gravity (0,584 - 0,706), and calorific value (5000,683 kal/g - 7141,685 kal/g), ash content (16,447% - 21,764%), volatile matter content (21,869% - 34,275%), and fixed carbon content (37,592% - 47,455%). Interaction between press loads variation and adhesive percentage give highly significant effect on moisture content, specific gravity, calorific value, ash content, and fixed carbon content. The best charcoal briquettes in this study was obtained from combination treatment of press load 2.250 psi and adhesive percentage 6% with the following result : moisture content 7,349%, specific gravity 0,656, and calorific value 7141,865 kal/g, ash content 19,095%, volatile matter content 26,554%, and fixed carbon content 47,002. The calorific value of this charcoal briquettes comply the Indonesian standard (SNI).
Kata Kunci : briket arang, seresah akasia, tekanan kempa, persentase bahan perekat
