KARAKTERISASI TANAH PASCA TAMBANG TIMAH SEBAGAI UPAYA REKLAMASI LAHAN DI BELITUNG
DIDANDA ARGHA SASRIBUDASEPTI, Prof. Dr.Ir. Bambang Hendro S.,SU.
2013 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAHPada penelitian yang digunakan sebagai tugas akhir ini bertujuan 1) Mengamati karakteristik lahan pasca tambang timah di Belitung; 2) Mengidentifikasi perubahan sifat kimia & fisika tanah akibat penambangan timah; 3) Membandingkan perbedaan pengaruh pemanfaatan berbagai jenis vegetasi untuk reklamasi lahan pasca tambang; 4) Usaha peningkatan kesuburan tanah pada lahan pasca tambang timah. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Sifat Kimia tanah yang dianalisis adalah bahan organik, pH, daya hantar listrik, Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation, nitrogen total, fospor tersedia, kalium tersedia, unsur mikro tanah yang meliputi Fe; Cu; Zn dan Mn. Sifat fisika tanah yang dianalisis adalah kadar lengas, tekstur, berat volume, berat jenis dan porositas tanah. Lahan pasca tambang timah mempunyai karakteristik sifat kimia dan fisika tanah yang buruk karena proses penambangan. Kesuburan tanah pada lahan pasca tambang timah tergolong rendah dengan penurunan kadar bahan organik tanah. Nilai pH tanah menjadi masam hingga sangat masam sehingga mengakibatkan meningkatnya unsur mikro terutaman Fe dan Mn. Nilai KPK juga menurun dan mengakibatkan nilai Nitrogen total, Fospor tersedia dan Kalium tersedia menjadi sangat kecil. Perubahan sifat fisika yang signifikan pada lahan pasca tambang timah adalah perubahan tekstur tanah. Tekstur tanah didominasi oleh fraksi pasir, terutama sub-fraksi pasir kasar hingga halus. Revegetasi dengan penanaman tanaman pioner sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengembalikan sifat tanah yang menurun akibat penambangan. Sengon merupakan tanaman yang cocok untuk revegetasi lahan karena lebih baik memperbaiki sifat kimia maupun fisika tanah yang buruk akibat penambangan timah. Pengelolaan tanah pasca tambang timah terutama pemupukan juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan reklamasi lahan.
The goals of this research are 1) to observe the characteristics the Belitung land after the tin-mines; 2) to identify the transformation of the chemical and the physical characterization of the soil as a result of the tin mines; 3) to compare the differences of several kinds of vegetation usages for the reclamation of the field after the mine; 4) to improve the soil fertility on the field after the mine. The research was conducted by analyzing the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. The chemical characteristics of the soil analyzed were organic matter, pH, electric conductivity, the capacity of cation exchange, the total nitrogen, the available phospor, the available calium, the micro soil elements, including Fe; Zn; Cu and Mn. The physical characteristics of the soil analyzed were the levels of moisture, the texture, the volume, the specitic weight, and the porosity of the soil. The post tin-mine field has bad chemical and physical characteristics of soil as the impact of mining process. The fertility of the soil on this type of field was considered low as there was a decreasing level of organic matter. The level of pH of the soil has turned into sour to very sour that it resulted on the increasing level of the micro elements, especially Fe and Mn. The capacity of cation exchange has also decreased by which it resulted on the level of total nitrogen as well as he available phospor and calium become very low. The significant physical characteristics transformation on the field was the transformation of the soil texture. The texture of the soil was dominanted by the fracture of the sand, especially dominanted by the sub-fraction of the coarse sand up to the find sand. The revegetation by applying a pioneer plant plantation was urgently required to recover the decreasing level of the soil characteristics as the result of mining process. Sengon was the suitable plant for the field revegetation because it was able to recover both the chemical characteristics and the physical characteristics of a bad soil as the impact of the ti-mine process.the management of the post ti-mine soil, especially fertilization was very significant to the success of the field reclamation.
Kata Kunci : sengon, reklamasi, revegetasi, tambang, timah
