PROFILING KIMIAWI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIVIBRIO FRAKSI AKTIF HEKSANA DARI Gracilaria edulis

WINDI AMELIA, Noer Kasanah, Apt., M.Si, Ph.D

2013 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram-negatif Vibrio spp. merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya perikanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiVibrio ekstrak etil asetat Gracilaria edulis dan fraksinya, serta mengidentifikasi kandungan ekstrak dan fraksi aktif. G. edulis dikoleksi dari perairan Gunung Kidul dikeringkan, diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat kemudian dilakukan uji bioaktivitas terhadap bakteri Vibrio spp. Fraksinasi ekstrak aktif dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom fase diam silika gel dan fase gerak gradient pelarut 100% heksana sampai 100% etil asetat. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar, bioautografi, 6 well plate dan 96 well plate. Profiling kimiawi kandungan senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis dan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 2 fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yaitu fraksi 100% heksana dan fraksi 75% heksana. MIC ekstrak etil asetat G. edulis dan fraksi-fraksi aktif terhadap bakteri V. fluvialis yaitu ekstrak (6,25x10-2) mg/ml, fraksi 1 (6,25x10-2) mg/ml, fraksi 2 (7,81x10-3) mg/ml, fraksi 3 (1,25x10-1) mg/ml, fraksi 4 (3,125x10-2) mg/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak G. edulis bersifat bakterisida terhadap V. fluvialis pada konsentrasi 1 mg/ml dan bersifat bakteriostatik pada konsentrasi 6,25x10-2 mg/ml. Fraksi 2 (100% heksana) memiliki aktivitas paling baik terhadap V. fluvialis dibandingkan fraksi lain, yaitu bersifat bakterisida pada konsentrasi 5x10-1 mg/ml dan bakteriostatik pada konsentrasi 7,81x10-3 mg/ml. Dari hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh prediksi bahwa senyawa yang terdapat dalam fraksi aktif adalah 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 13-octadecenoic acid, 10-octadecenoic acid, eicosanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, cholest-8-en-3-ol. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, G. edulis dapat dijadikan salah satu sumber pengembangan antibakteri dalam penanggulangan infeksi Vibrio spp. pada budidaya ikan.

Infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio spp. become an obstacle in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-Vibrio activity of ethyl acetate extract of Gracilaria edulis and its fractions, as well as knowing the class of bioactive compounds with the antiVibrio activity. G. edulis was collected from the intertidal region Gunung Kidul. The seaweed were dried, extracted with ethyl acetate then screened in bioactivity from against Vibrio spp. Fractionation of active extracts were performed by the column chromatography, was silica gel as stationary phase and the mobile phase solvent, was gradient of 100% hexane to 100% ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity experiment used the agar diffusion method, bioautografi, 6 well plate and 96 well plate. The chemistry profiling of the G. edulis was conducted by thin layer chromatography and GC-MS. The results showed that two fractions posses antibacterial activities, those were 100% and 75% hexane fraction. The MIC of the ethyl acetate extract of G. edulis and fractions active against bacteria V. fluvialis were the extract (6.25 x10-2) mg/ml, fraction 1 (6.25 x10-2) mg/ml, fraction 2 (7,81 x10-3) mg/ml, fraction 3 (1.25 x10-1) mg/ml, fraction 4 (3.125 x10-2) mg/ml. The results showed that the extract of G. edulis was bactericidal against V. fluvialis at the concentration of 1 mg/ml and bacteriostatic at concentration of 6,25x10-2 mg/ml. Fraction 2 (100% hexane) had the best activities compared to the other fractions, which were bactericidal at concentration of 5x10-1 mg/ml and bacteriostatic at concentration of 7,81x10-3 mg/ml. The GC-MS analysis showed that the compounds agent 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 13-octadecenoic acid, 10-octadecenoic acid, eicosanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and cholest-8-en-3-ol. Based on these studies, G. edulis can be developed as a source of antibacterial response to combat by infection Vibrio spp. on fish farming.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak, fraksi, G. edulis, Vibrio spp