HUBUNGAN GANGGUAN DEPRESI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PASIEN PSIKOGERIATRI DI RSJ Dr. RADJIMAN WEDIODININGRAT LAWANG KABUPATEN MALANG

WAWAN AGUNG PRASETYO, dr. Probosuseno, Sp.PD, K-Ger.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Masalah gizi pada pasien psikogeriatri kurang mendapat perhatian dalam penelitian psikiatri geriatri. Padahal malnutrisi cenderung memiliki dampak yang besar terhadap kondisi mental dan fisik pada lansia. Pada pasien depresi, masalah gizi mempunyai kontribusi yang besar dalam menentukan asupan makanan dan zat gizi lansia karena depresi dapat menyebabkan kehilangan nafsu makan yang berdampak pada penurunan status gizi lansia. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Taiwan version-1 (MNA-T1) adalah alat yang mempunyai validitas dan realibilitas yang cukup baik untuk menilai status gizi lansia termasuk dengan kondisi gangguan mental. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan gangguan depresi dengan status gizi pasien psikogeriatri. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subyek penelitian ini adalah pasien psikogeriatri di ruang rawat inap psikogeriatri RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang. Data status depresi dengan menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15). Data asupan zat gizi menggunakan metode visual Comstock dan recall 24 jam. Data status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan (MNA-T1). Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Dari total subyek penelitian (52 orang), mengalami depresi sebesar 53,9% dan mengalami malnutrisi 50%. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi status gizi adalah status depresi sedang (OR=11,14). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status fungsional, asupan energi, asupan protein dan status depresi dengan status gizi (p<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status depresi dengan asupan energi dan asupan protein (p>0,05). Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status depresi dengan status gizi (OR = 11,14, 95% CI: 1,7-73,14). Kesimpulan: Subyek mengalami depresi 53,9% dan 50% malnutrisi. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status depresi dengan status gizi pada pasien psikogeriatri.

Background: Nutrition problem in psychogeriatric patients has not got much attention in geriatric psychiatry. Though malnutrition is likely to have a major impact on mental and physical condition of the elderly. In patients with depression, nutritional problems have a major contribution in determining food intake and nutrient elderly because depression can cause loss of appetite which impact on the nutritional status of elderly. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Taiwan version-1 (MNA-T1) is a tool that has sufficient validity and reliability to assess the nutritional status of elderly people with conditions including mental disorders. Objective: To determine the relationship depression with nutritional status of geriatric psychiatry patients. Methods: study was observational with cross sectional design. Subject of the study were psychogeriatric patients at psychogeriatric inpatient room of Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital Lawang. Depression status was assessed using the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Food intake were collected using plate waste (visual comstock methods) and 24-hour food recall methods. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Taiwan version-1 (MNA-T1). The data was analysed by univariat, bivariat and multivariat. Results: Out of total subject of the study (52 people), 53.9% were depressed and 50% malnourished. Dominant factor that affect nutritional status is moderate depression (OR=11,14). Bivariat analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between functional status, energy intake and protein intake with nutritional status (p<0.05). There was not significantly correlation between energy intake and protein intake with depression status (p>0.05). There is a significant association between depression status and nutritional status geriatric psychiatry patients (OR = 11.14, 95% CI: 1.7 to 73.14). Conclusion: Subjects are depressed 53.9% and malnutrition 50%. There is a significant association between depression status and nutritional status.

Kata Kunci : Status depresi, status gizi, pasien psikogeriatri