UJI KINERJA PENGERING TIPE RAK BERBAHAN BAKAR KAYU UNTUK PENGERINGAN SALE PISANG

SEPTI AGUSTIANI FAJRIYAH, Devi Yuni Susanti, STP, M.Sc.

2013 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Pengeringan sale pisang dengan cara tradisional melalui penjemuran dibawah sinar matahari langsung memiliki kelemahan diantaranya waktu pengeringan yang lama, kondisi lingkungan dan higienitas bahan yang kurang terjaga. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji kinerja pengering tipe rak dengan kotak pemanas udara diatas tungku dalam proses pengeringan sale pisang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan suhu dan kelembaban udara pengering, model matematis perubahan kadar air sale pisang, serta efisiensi pengeringan dan efisiensi pemanasan udara. Pengujian dilakukan dalam 3 variasi laju aliran udara dalam kotak pemanas yaitu sebesar 0,020796, 0,022923, dan 0,03214 kg/s melalui pengaturan bukaan blower. Proses pengeringan pisang dilakukan selama 440 menit dengan kapasitas bahan 15 kg. Dari hasil analisis teknis terhadap kinerja pengering didaptkan bahwa semakin besar laju aliran udaranya maka suhu dalam ruang pengering akan semakin kecil. Kadar air hasil pengeringan untuk variasi 1 berkisar antara 15,69% - 26,18%, untuk variasi 2 berkisar antara 19,94% - 25,57% dan pada variasi 3 berkisar antara 19,05% – 24,69%. Pada proses pengeringan sale pisang yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini terjadi dua periode laju pengeringan yaitu laju pengeringan konstan dan laju pengeringan menurun. Nilai konstanta laju pengeringan konstan pada variasi 1 berkisar antara 0,466 – 0,690 %/menit, untuk variasi 2 berkisar antara 0,640 – 0,743 %/menit, dan untuk variasi 3 berkisar antara 0,682 – 0,779 %/menit. Besarnya konstanta laju pengeringan menurun untuk variasi 1 berkisar antara 0,007 – 0,014 %/menit, untuk variasi 2 berkisar antara 0,007 – 0,010 %/menit, dan untuk variasi 3 berkisar antara 0,007 – 0,010 %/menit. Nilai efisiensi pengeringan pada variasi 1 sebesar 27%, pada variasi 2 sebesar 26,77% dan variasi 3 sebesar 27,56%. Efisiensi pemanasan udara untuk variasi 1 adalah sebesar 28,51%, untuk variasi 2 sebesar 29,96% dan untuk variasi 3 adalah sebesar 36,89%

Traditional drainage of banana sale using directly had some weaknesses such as long drainage, bad environmental condition, and it was less healthy. It was conducted a research to examine the performance of rack typed dryer by air warmer box on the stove in the process of banana sale drainage. This study was conducted to know temperature change and air humidity of dryer, mathematic model of water content change of banana sale, and the efficiency of drainage and the efficiency of air heating. Test was conducted in 3 variations of air rate flow in the warmer box of 0.0207096, 0.022923, and 0.03214 kg/s through opening blower regulation. The process of banana drainage was conducted for 440 minutes using the material capacity of 15 kgs. It was found from the analysis of technical performance of the dryer that the greater rate of air flow would make smaller the temperature in the drainage room. Water content of the drainage result in variation 1 ranged between 15.69% to 26.18%, in variation 2 it ranged between 19.94% to 25.57%, and in variation 3 it ranged between 19.05% to 24.69%. In the drainage process of banana sale conducted in this study, there were two periods of drainage rates: constant drainage rate and decreased drainage rate. The constant drainage rate in variation 1 ranged between 0.466 to 0.690 percent/minute, in variation 2 it ranged between 0.640 to 0.743 percent/minute, and in variation 3 it ranged between 0.682 to 0.779 percent/minute. Number of constant drainage rate was decreased in variation 1 between 0.007 to 0.014 percent/minute, in variation 2 it ranged between 0.007 to 0.010 percent/minute, and in variation 3 it ranged between 0.007 to 0.010 percent/minute. Number of efficiency of drainage in variation 1 was 27 percent, 26.77 percent in variation 3, and 27.56 percent in variation 3. And the number of efficiency of air warming in variation 1 was 28.51 percent, 29.96 percent in variation 2, and 36.89 percent in variation 3.

Kata Kunci : pengering tipe rak, tray dryer, sale pisang, kinerja, efisiensi.