KOMPONEN PENYUSUN STRUKTUR, KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI, SERTA ASPEK-ASPEK PRAGMATIK DALAM WACANA TERTULIS PADA INFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI YOGYAKARTA
LIA PERTIWI, Drs. Ridha Mashudi Wibowo, M. Hum.
2013 | Skripsi | SASTRA INDONESIABahasa merupakan alat dalam komunikasi, baik lisan maupun tulisan. Dengan tulisan, penutur dapat menyegmentasi kata-kata, memanipulasi urutan, dan mengembangkannya. Layanan informasi tertulis di tempat-tempat pelayanan publik (LITTPP) merupakan penerapan dari wacana. Pemakaian bahasanya menarik secara linguistik, sebab unit-unit internal dan eksternalnya menghasilkan wacana yang padu dan utuh. Analisis wacana ini berkenaan dengan relasi-relasi sintaksis, semantis, dan pragmatis. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai layanan informasi tertulis di tempattempat pelayanan publik di Yogyakarta. Populasinya berjumlah 140, sementara sampelnya sebanyak 75 yang tertera pada stiker, selebaran, papan, poster, spanduk, backdrop, dan baliho. Data diperoleh selama Januari—Februari melalui observasi dengan teknik rekam yang berupa foto. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan metode agih dan metode padan serta berbagai teknik untuk menguraikan struktur wacana, aspek kohesi dan koherensi, serta aspek-aspek pragmatiknya. Hasil analisis disajikan dengan metode formal-informal. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan. Wacana LITTPP meliputi struktur lengkap, tidak lengkap, dan beberapa komponen pilihan. LITTPP memiliki aspek-aspek keutuhan wacana yaitu (a) unsur kohesi, baik yang gramatikal maupun yang leksikal dan (b) unsur koherensi yang mencakup berbagai hubungan makna dalam kalimat. Aspek-aspek pragmatiknya mencakup isi informasi yang dikaitkan dengan tindak tutur. Ditemukan juga pematuhan dan pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesopanan.
Language is a tool in communication, both oral and written. With the words, speakers may segment words, manipulate the order, and develop it. Written information services in public service is the application of discourse. Use of language is linguistically interesting because of internal and external units generate coherent discourse. Discourse analysis is concerned with relationships syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Data were collected from a variety of written information services in the public service in Yogyakarta. Population was as many as 140, while as many as 75 samples listed on stickers, leaflets, boards, posters, banners, backdrops, and billboards. Data were obtained during January to February through observation with recording techniques in the form of photos. Furthermore, the data were analyzed with agih and match methods as well as a variety of techniques to decipher the structure of discourse, cohesion-coherence aspects, and pragmatic aspects. The result is presented with formal and informal methods. Based on the data analysis, it could be drawn several conclusions. WTIPP discourse structure includes a complete, incomplete, and some components of choice. WTIPP have integral aspects of discourse, namely (a) the element of cohesion, both the grammatical and the lexical and (b) the element of coherence which includes a variety of relationships of meaning in a sentence. Pragmatic aspects include content of information with respect to speech acts. It was also found violations and compliance of the cooperative principle and politeness principle.
Kata Kunci : layanan informasi tertulis, struktur wacana, kohesi-koherensi, aspek-aspek pragmatik