PENGARUH JUMLAH ASAM SITRAT DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI BAMBU PETUNG

RAMADHANU ISNAN, D.Agr.Sc. Ragil Widyorini, S.T., M.T.

2013 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN

Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas papan partikel antara lain yaitu bahan perekat, ukuran partikel dan metode pengempaan. Asam sitrat mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan perekat alami. Penelitian mengenai penggunaan asam sitrat sebagai bahan perekat papan partikel dengan ukuran yang berbeda belum pernah dilakukan, terutama bahan non kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan jumlah asam sitrat dan ukuran partikel terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel dari bambu petung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor yang berbeda, yaitu jumlah asam sitrat (0%, 15%, dan 30% berdasarkan berat partikel kering udara) dan ukuran partikel halus (lolos 10 mesh), dan kasar (lolos 4 mesh tertahan 10 mesh). Bahan baku penelitian ini adalah limbah serutan bambu petung. Pembuatan papan partikel dilakukan pada suhu 180oC dengan tekanan spesifik 3 MPa dan target kerapatan 0,9 g/cm3. Pengujian kualitas papan partikel meliputi sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908-2003, yaitu kadar air, kerapatan, penyerapan air, pengembangan tebal, kekasaran permukaan, modulus patah, modulus elastisitas, keteguhan rekat internal, dan keteguhan cabut sekrup. Data hasil pengujian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dan dan diuji lanjut HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) Tuckey pada taraf uji 1% dan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi faktor jumlah asam sitrat dan ukuran partikel berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, dan keteguhan rekat internal papan partikel. Peningkatan jumlah asam sitrat cenderung menurunkan secara nyata nilai kadar air (9,34-5,23%), penyerapan air (131,80-13,04%), pengembangan tebal (61,54-2,16%), dan kekasaran permukaan (12,64-3,72 μm), serta meningkatkan nilai modulus patah (0,36 - 12,35 MPa), modulus elastisitas (0,11-4,31 GPa), keteguhan rekat internal (0,002-5,69 MPa) dan keteguhan cabut sekrup (26,4-332,10 N). Ukuran partikel memberikan pengaruh nyata pada kekasaran permukaan dan keteguhan rekat internal, dimana semakin halus ukuran partikel kekasaran permukaan dan keteguhan rekat internal menjadi lebih baik. Sifat papan partikel bambu petung paling optimum diperoleh pada penambahan jumlah asam sitrat 30% dan ukuran partikel halus yang memenuhi standar JIS A 5908-2003 dengan rerata nilai kerapatan 0,92 g/cm3, kadar air 5,41 %; pengembangan tebal 2,65 %; penyerapan air 14,12 %; kekasaran permukaan 3,72 μm; modulus patah 12,35 MPa; modulus elastisitas 4,08 GPa; keteguhan rekat internal 0,569 MPa, dan keteguhat cabut sekrup 332,10 N.

Factors that affect the quality of the particleboard among others, adhesive type, particle size and the pressing method. Citric acid has potential as a natural adhesive materials. Research on the use of citric acid as a particleboard binder with different particle sizes has not been done, especially non-wood as raw materials. This research aims to analyze the effect of the addition of citric acid and particle size on the properties of petung bamboo particleboard. This research used completely randomized design with two different factors, i.e. citric acid content (0%, 15%, and 30% based on air-dried particle’s weight) and fine particles size (passed 10 mesh), and coarse (passed 4 mesh restrained 10 mesh). Petung bamboo was used as raw materials in this research. After mixed with citric acid solution particles were pressed at a temperature of 180oC with a specific pressure of 3 MPa and the target density of 0.9 g/cm3 . The properties of the particleboards were then evaluated according to the Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboards (JIS A 5908-2003). Test were carried out for the moisture content, density, water absorption, thickness swelling, surface roughness, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength. The data were analyzed using SPSS and then further analysis using HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) Tuckey’s at level 1 % and 5 % . The results showed that the interaction of citric acid content and particle size factors affected significantly on moisture content and internal bond strength of particleboard. An increasing of citric acid content tended to decrease significantly the value of the moisture content (9,34 – 5,23%), water absorption (131,80 - 13,04%), thickness swelling (61,54 - 2,16%), and surface roughness (12,64 - 3,72 μm), as well as increase the value of the modulus of rupture (0,36 - 12,35 MPa), modulus of elasticity (0,11-4,31 GPa), internal bond strength (0,002-5,69 MPa), and screw holding strength (26,4-332,10 N). Significant effect of particle size clearly shown on surface roughness and internal bond strength, where the fine particles gave a smooth surface and better quality of internal bond strength. Properties of petung bamboo particleboard, which made with addition of citric acid could meet JIS A 5908-2003 standard particleboard. After addition of 30 wt% citric acid, the particleboard made from fine particles had optimum properties, i.e. 0.92 g/cm3 density; 5.41 % moisture content; 2,65% thickness swelling; 14,12 % water absorption; 3,72 μm surface roughness, 12,35 MPa modulus of rupture; 4,08 GPa modulus of elasticity; 0,569 MPa internal bond strength; and 332,10 N screw holding strength.

Kata Kunci : Papan partikel tanpa perekat, asam sitrat, ukuran partikel, bambu petu