PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI PLAK Porphyromonas gingivalis (Kajian in vitro)

AMIRA FADHYLA, drg. Hendrawati, M.Kes.

2013 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Faktor etiologi utama penyakit periodontal yaitu bakteri yang ditemukan pada plak gigi. Keberadaan Porphyromonas gingivalis pada plak subgingiva menjadi penyebab utama dalam periodontitis. Pengendalian plak dapat dilakukan menggunakan produk-produk alami yang mengandung agen antibakteri. Daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) mengandung senyawa antibakteri, yaitu flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap bakteri plak Porphyromonas gingivalis secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran menggunakan 20 sampel dengan 4 piring petri media TSA yang diusap suspensi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis kemudian dibuat 5 lubang sumuran diameter 5 mm. Masing-masing sumuran ditetesi 3 kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10%), 1 kelompok kontrol negatif (tween 2,5%), dan 1 kelompok kontrol positif (obat kumur clorhexidine 0,2%). Media TSA diinkubasi pada suhu 37ºC selama 24 jam. Zona hambat dilihat di sekitar lubang sumuran yang berupa area bening, kemudian diukur diameternya menggunakan jangka sorong ketelitian 0,01 mm sebanyak 3 kali dan dihitung rata-ratanya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA satu jalur dan LSD0,05. Hasil uji ANAVA satu jalur menunjukkan adanya pengaruh ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap zona hambat bakteri plak Porphyromonas gingivalis (p<0,05). Uji LSD0,05 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10%, sedangkan antar ekstrak daun pepaya konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10% tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun pepaya berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri plak Porphyromonas gingivalis secara in vitro.

The main etiology of periodontal disease is bacteria which can be found on plaque. The existence of Porphyromonas gingivalis on subgingival plaque become the main etiology of periodontitis. Plaque control can be done by using natural products that contain antibacterial agents. Papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids as antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of papaya leaf extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial plaque in vitro. The study was using diffusion well method using 20 samples with 4 TSA petri dishes that had been swabbed with Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial suspension then 5 wells diameter 5 mm was made. Every wells were dropped by 3 treatment groups (papaya leaf extract concentration 2,5%, 5%, 10%), a negative control group (tween 2,5%), and positive control group (clorhexidine 0,2% mouth wash). TSA media was incubated at temperature 37ºC during on 24 hours. The diameter of inhibition zone was showed around the wells as aclear area, then the diameter was measured by using a sliding caliper to the nearest 0,1 mm as many as 3 times and the mean was calculated. The data obtained then analyze by using one way ANOVA and LSD0,05. The result of one way ANOVA test showed the effect of papaya leaf extract toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial plaque inhibition zone (p<0,05). LSD0,05 test showed a significant difference (p<0,05) between negative control and papaya leaf extract consentration 2,5%, 5%, and 10%, furthermore between papaya leaf extract consentration 2,5%, 5%, and 10% could not be found the significant difference (p>0,05). The conclusion of this study was that the papaya leaf extract could inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial plaque in vitro.

Kata Kunci : Daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.), antibakteri, Porphyromonas gingivalis