Pengaruh kandungan logam kromium dan temperatur terhadap keefektifan katalis kromium zeolit alam dalam proses perengkahan biofuel
WINDARTI, Tri, Dr. Wega Trisunaryanti, MS
2001 | Tesis | S2 KimiaTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh kandungan logam krombm dan temperatur terhadap keefektivan katalis kromium-zeolit alam dalam proses perengkahan bio@eZ. Katalis kromium-zeolit alam dibuat melalui: aktivasi zedit alam, pertukman ion, kalsinasi, oksidasi dan reduksi. Aktivasi zeolit dam meiiprti perendaman dalam larutan HF 1%, perlakuan HCI, perendaman dalam larutan NH&1 dan kalsinasi tanpa gas N2. Pertukaran ion dilakukan dengan menggunaluul larutan Cr(NO&. 9H20 dengan konsentrasi kromium yang berbeda yaitu 1%,3% dan 5% (berat Crkat zeolit). Kalsinasi dengan gas N2 dilakukan pada temperatur 50O0C, sedangkan oksidasi dengan gas 02 dan reduksi dengan gas HZ dilalrukan pada temperatur 400°C. Katalis yang dihasilkan berturut-turut adaiah ZAAHCr 1, ZAAHCr 3 dan ZAAHCr 5. Karakter katalis meliputi kandmgan logam, rasio SUM, keasaman, has permukaan, volume pori dan rerata jejari poi, masing-masing ditentukan dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (AAS), metode adsorpsi NH3 dan alat penganalisis luas permukaan. Keefektivan katalis meliputi aktivitas dan selektivitasnya diuji pada proses perengkahan biofiel menjadi fiaksi bensin. Produk perengkahan berupa fidcsi cair dianalisis dengan GC dan GC-MS. Data GC hasil perengkahan dibandingkan dengan data GC bensin premium. Data variasi terhadap kandungan logam kromium menunjukkan bahwa selektivitas produk fiaksi bensin yang baik diperoleh pada katalis dengan kandungan kromium 0,026% (ZAAHCr 5) dan 0,028% (ZAAHCr 3). Sedangkan data variasi terhadap temperatur proses perengkahan menunjvkkan bahvra untuk semua katalis, selektivitas produk W bensin yang baik diperoleh pada temperatur 250°C dan 300OC. Dari data hasil karakterisasi katalis diketahui bahwa selektivitas produk fiaksi bensin yang baik diperoleh pada katalis dengan rasio SYAI 8,60 dan 10,75; luas permukaan 175,923 dan 187,941 m2/g volume pori 153,085. den 157,543. lo-' dgse rta pori katalis yang lebih homogen.
Study of the influence of chromium metal content and temperature on the effectiveness of chromium-natural zeolite catalysts in cracking process of a biofbel has been conducted. The chromium-natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by: activation of natural zeolite, ion exchange, calcination, oxidation and reduction. The activation of the zeolite was carried out by HF (1Yo) and HCI treatment, followed by immersing in the WCl solution and calcination without N2 gas. The ion exchange was done by immersing the acid treated liedite in Cf(N03)3.9H20 solution in the variation of chromium concentration 1%, 3% and 5% (chromiudzeolite weight). The calcination using N2 gas was conducted at 5W0C, while the oxidation with 02 gas and reduction with H2 gas were conducted at 400°C. The procedure produced the ZAAHCr 1, ZAAHCr 3 and ZAAHCr 5 catalysts, respectively. The catalysts characters included metal content, SYAI ratio, acidity, dace area, pore volume and average pore were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS), N H 3 adsorption method and !hrhcx Area Analyzer, respectively. The catalyst effectiveness by means of activity and selectivity wete evaluated in craking process of a biofkel to produce gasoline hction. The liquid hction of the cracking product was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The GC data of cracking products was compared with GC data of a premium gasoline. The results showed that the good selectivity of gasoline fiaction products were produced by catalysts with chromium content of 0,026% (ZAAHCr 5) and 0,028% (ZAAHCr 3). The data of temperature variation in the cracking process showed that fbr all catalysts, the good selectivity of gasoline fraction products proceeded at 25OOC and 300°C. The data of catalyst characterisation showed that the good sekctivity of gasoline products were produced by catalysts with SVAl ratio of 8,60 and 10,75; surface area of 175,923 and 187,941 m2/g; pore volume of 153,086. and 157,543. mWg also by catalysts with more homogenous pore.
Kata Kunci : Katalis Kromium,Zeolit Alam, Chromium-natural zeolite catalyst, effectiveness and crackimg process
