PABRIK KLOROFORM DARI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA, KLORIN, DAN ASETON KAPASITAS 25.000 TON/TAHUN

RAHMITA PUSPA NINTIA, Ir. Moh. Fahrurrozi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2013 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik Kloroform dari bahan baku natrium hidroksida, aseton dan klorin dirancang dengan kapasitas 25.000 ton/tahun dan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari/tahun dan 24 jam/hari. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kloroform dengan kemurnian 99,6 %. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah natrium hidroksida 48% sebanyak 14.838,18 kg/jam, aseton sebanyak 1.549,26 kg/jam dan klorin sebanyak 6.386,20 kg/jam. Proses yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kloroform adalah reduksi keton dalam hal ini aseton. Proses dimulai dengan sintesis natrium hipoklorit dari natrium hidroksida dan klorin. Larutan natrium hipoklorit yang diperoleh direaksikan dengan aseton pada suhu 60-75 o C dan tekanan 2 atm di dalam RATB. Suhu RATB dijaga konstan dengan mengalirkan air pendingin pada koil dan jaket pendingin. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di Cilegon, Provinsi Banten dengan luas tanah 30 hadan mempekerjakan 188 orang karyawan. Kebutuhan steam sebanyak 46.144,09 ton/tahun, air sebanyak 77.995,8539 ton/tahun, bahan bakar sebanyak 170.457,41 ton/tahun dan kebutuhan listrik 23.760.000 kWh/tahun. Modal tetap yang diperlukan sebesar US$ 19.790.347,47 + Rp 186.934.848.123,18; modal kerja Rp 118.131.412.564,54 ; manufacturing cost sebesar Rp 1.290.438.265.821,59; general expense sebesar Rp 22.688.116.131,92. Keuntungan sebelum pajak Rp 164.519.678.069,51dan keuntungan sesudah pajak Rp 82.259.839.034,76. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh Return on Investment (ROI) sebelum pajak 69,34%, sesudah pajak 34,67 %; Pay Out Time (POT) sebelum pajak 1,26 tahun, sesudah pajak 2,24 tahun; Break Even Point 40,56 %; Shut Down Point 30,21%, dan Discounted Cash Flow Rate Of Return 27,88 %. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi tersebut, maka pabrik kloroform dari bahan baku natrium hidroksida, aseton dan klorin dengan kapasitas 25.000 ton/tahun cukup menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut

Production facility of chloroform is designed with a capacity of 25.000 tons/year and operated continuously for 330 days/year and 24 hours/day. The product obtained is chloroform with purity 99,60%. The raw materials used are sodium hydroxide 48% as much as 14.838,18 kg/hr, acetone as much as1.549,26 kg/hr and chlorine as much as 6.386,20 kg/hr. Processes used inthe manufacture ofchloroformis ketones reduction,in this case is acetone. The process starts with the synthesis of sodium hypochlorite from sodium hydroxide and chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite solution reacts with acetone in a continuous stirred tank reactor. This reaction occurs in the liquid phase and takes place at a temperature of 60-75oC and 2 atm pressure. The heat of reaction is absorbed by the cooling water flowing in cooling coil and cooling jacket. The plant will be built at Cilegon, Province of Banten with a land area of 30 ha and will employ 188 personels. The plant needs 46.144,09 ton/year of steams, 77.995,85ton/year of water, 170.457,41 ton/year of natural gas, and 23.760.000 kWh/year of electricity. Fixed capital investment required is US$ 19.790.347,47 + Rp 186.934.848.123,18; working capital investment of Rp 118.131.412.564,54; manufacturing cost of Rp 1.290.438.265.821,59; general expense of Rp 22.688.116.131,92. Profit before tax is estimated as much as Rp 164.519.678.069,51 and profit after tax is Rp 82.259.839.034,76. The economic evaluation results show that Return on Investment (ROI) before and after taxes are is 31,62%, and 15,81% respectively; Pay Out Time (POT) before and after taxes are 1,26 years and 2,44 years respectively; Break Even Point is 40,56 %; Shut Down Point is 30,21%, and Discounted Cash Flow Rate Of Return is 27,88%. Based on the economic evaluation results, it can be concluted that the production of chloroform from sodium hydroxide, acetone and chlorine with a capacity of 25.000 tons/year is quite interesting to be studied further.

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