Prarancangan Pabrik Heptena dari Propena dan Butena dengan Kapasitas 20.000 Ton/Tahun
SINGGIH BUDI WASKITO, Budhijanto, S.T, M.T, Ph.D.
2013 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIAHeptena diproduksi dengan cara kodimerisasi senyawa propena dan butena dengan katalisator Ni-Alumina. Reaksi berjalan pada fase cair di dalam fixed bed multi stage dengan suhu 45 OC dan tekanan 11 bar. Panas yang timbul dari reaksi diambil dengan air pendingin di dalam heat exchanger tiap stage-nya. Pembuatan heptena dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton per tahun memerlukan bahan baku berupa propena sebesar 26.265.916,51 kg/tahun dan butena sebanyak 59.802.885,65 kg/tahun. Kebutuhan katalis sebesar 22.128,522 kg per tahun. Kebutuhan utilitas meliputi air pendingin sebanyak 2.850.659,581 ton/tahun, steam sebanyak 246.256,9402 ton/tahun, bahan bakar 1.047.998,16 m3/tahun, dan listrik sebesar 1.267,7 kJ/s. Pabrik heptena ini direncanakan akan didirikan di Balongan, Indramayu, Jawa Barat dengan tenaga kerja yang diperlukan sebanyak 156 orang. Modal tetap yang diperlukan sebesar US$ 380.895.630+Rp 150.721.918.621,173, sedangkan modal kerjanya sebesar US$ 13.267.864+Rp 7.468.144.626.955,00. Manufacturing cost sebesar US$ 79.607.187+Rp 21.412.459.966.347. General expense sebesar US$ 23.782.488,00+Rp 2.593.350.375.197,00. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan keuntungan sebelum pajak sebesar Rp 1.036.996.788.110,00 dan sesudah pajak sebesar Rp 518.498.394.055,00. Return of Investment sebelum pajak sebesar 27,1723 % dan sesudah pajak sebesar 13, 5862 %. Pay Out Time sebelum pajak sebesar 2,69 tahun dan setelah pajak sebesar 4,24 tahun. Break Event Point (BEP) dari pabrik ini sebesar 58,70 % dengan Shut Down Point sebesar 37,42 %. Hasil analisa Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 7,80 %. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ekonomi pabrik heptena dari propena dan butena dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun kurang layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut karena nilai DCFRR kurang dari 1,5 kali bunga bank. Namun, apabila dilihat dari segi BEP, ROI, dan POT, maka pabrik ini layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Agar pabrik ini layak maka perlu dievaluasi harga bahan baku dan harga jualnya berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas.
Heptena is produced with co-dimerization method of propylene and butane with Ni-Alumina catalyst. Reaction takes place in liquid phase in a fixed bed multi stage reactor with operating conditions of 45 OC and 11 bar. Heat of reaction is taken from the system using a heat exchanger in each stage. Heptene production with capacity of 20.000 tons per year requires raw materials such as Propylene as much 26.265.916,51 kg/year and butylenes as much 59.802.885,65 kg/tahun. The catalyst requirement is 22.128,522 kg/year. Utility needs including cooling water as much 2.850.659,581 ton/year, steam as much 246.256,9402 ton/year, and fuel as much 1.047.998,16 m3/year, and electricity as much 1.267,7 kJ/s. This factory is planned to be build in Balongan, Indramayu, Jawa Barat with 156 employees to operate this factory. Fixed capital required to build this factory is US$ 380.895.630+Rp 150.721.918.621,173, while the working capital required is US$ 13.267.864+Rp 7.468.144.626.955,00, total Manufacturing cost as much US$ 79.607.187+Rp 21.412.459.966.347, and General expense as much US$ 23.782.488,00+Rp 2.593.350.375.197,00. The result of economic evaluation indicates that the profit before tax is Rp 1.036.996.788.110,00 and the profit after tax is Rp 518.498.394.055,00. Return of Investment before tax is 27,1723 % and after tax is 13, 5862 %. Pay Out Time before tax is 2,69 years and after tax is 4,24 years. Break Event Point (BEP) from this factory is 58,70 % with Shut Down Point as much 37,42 % and its Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) is 7,80 %. Based on the result of economic evaluation, this factory is not interesting for further evaluation because the value of DCFRR is less than 1,5 times bank interest. But, if we see from BEP, ROI, or POT , this factory is interesting for further evaluation. So, if we want to make it interesting, we need to evaluate the price of raw material or sales price based on sensitivity analysis.
Kata Kunci : heptena, propena, butena
