SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DALAM PELAYANANEMERGENSI PRA-HOSPITAL: STUDI KASUS DI YOGYAKARTA EMERGENCY SERVICES 118

Erdiana Oktaviani, dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Pelayanan emergensi pra-hospital merupakan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh tim ambulan sebagai transportasi emergensi sebelum pasien tiba dan diterima oleh rumah sakit. Pelayanan emergensi pra-hospital membutuhkan kecepatan dan ketepatan agar dapat meminimalisir resiko pasien, durasi response time menjadi indikator penting dalam pelayanan emergensi pra-hospital. Di Kota Yogyakarta, pelayanan emergensi pra-hospital dilakukan oleh Yogyakarta Emergency Services 118 (YES 118) dengan menggunakan ambulan PMI Cabang Kota Yogyakarta dan ambulan rumah sakit dalam jaringan. Sistem informasi geografis digunakan untuk mengetahui lokasi sebaran ambulan, lokasi sebaran panggilan emergensi dan durasi response time masing-masing lokasi. Tujuan: Distribusi ambulan, lokasi panggilan dan durasi response time dapat dinilai dengan pendekatan spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola persebaran panggilan dan kasus emergensi, mengidentifikasi koordinasi dan komunikasi pada model pelayanan emergensi serta mengevaluasi durasi response time berdasarkan lokasi panggilan dan posisi unit ambulan dengan pendekatan spasial. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di YES 118 yang berada di markas PMI Cabang Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan study kasus deskriptif spasial dengan data sekunder panggilan emergensi bulan Juli 2011 - Juni 2012. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap responden untuk menilai pengaruh alur komunikasi terhadap reponse time. Sebagai tambahan, google maps digunakan untuk menilai perkiraan waktu tempuh perjalanan. Hasil Penelitian: Kasus trauma lebih banyak dilayani dibandingkan non trauma. Lokasi kejadian di jalan raya lebih dominan dibandingkan panggilan di daerah pemukiman. Durasi response time kasus emergensi yang ditangani oleh ambulan PMI lebih cepat dibandingkan durasi response time kasus emergensi yang dialihkan ke ambulan yang ada di rumah sakit. Alur komunikasi yang panjang antara pusat informasi dengan rumah sakit memperpanjang durasi response time. Kesimpulan dan Saran: Response time lebih cepat pada pelayanan emergensi yang dilakukan oleh ambulan PMI. Model distribusi menyebabkan alur komunikasi yang kompleks sehingga menambah durasi response time. Ada baiknya layanan emergensi terpadu memanfaatkan sistem informasi geografis untuk meningkatkan response time yang pada akhirnya menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas kasus emergensi.

Background: Pre-hospital emergency sevices is a service provided by the team as a transportation emergency ambulance before the patient arrives and is accepted by the hospital. This services require speed and accuracy to minimize risk of patient, where duration of response time is an important indicator in the sevices. Pre-hospital emergency sevices in Yogyakarta City conducted by Yogyakarta Emergency Services 118 (YES 118) using ambulance of PMI Yogyakarta and hospitals ambulance in the network. Geographic Information System is used to determine the location of the ambulances distribution, the location of distribution emergency call and response time duration of each location. Objective: Distribution of ambulances, the location and duration of response time can be assessed with a spatial approach. This study aimed to describe pattern of calls distribution and emergency cases, identifying coordination and communication on model of emergency services and evaluating the duration of response time based on the location of the call and ambulances position with spatial approach. Methods: The study was conducted YES 118 in PMI branch Yogyakarta city. This study uses a descriptive case study with the secondary data of emergency call from July 2011 to June 2012. Interviews were conducted with respondents to assess the effect line of the communication to reponse time. An estimation of response time was compared using Google Maps application. Results: YES 118 served trauma cases more than non-trauma. The scene on the highway is more dominant than call in a residential area. Duration of the response time emergency cases were handled by the PMI ambulance faster than duration of response time the emergency cases were transferred to the hospitals ambulance. Long lines communication between call center and hospital extending the duration of response time. Conclusions and Recommendations: PMI ambulan is faster serve than hospital ambulance. Distribution model led to a complex communication channel thereby increasing duration of response time. It is better to integrate emergency services utilizing geographic information systems to improve response time and ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality cases of emergency.

Kata Kunci : sistem informasi geografis, pelayanan emergensi pra-hospital, Yogyakarta Emergency Services 118, response time