PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EDUKASI SECARA BERKELOMPOK TERHADAP KEPUASAN TERAPI DAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI RSUP Dr. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

Ika Mustikaningtias, Dr. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp.FRS., Apt.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Edukasi pada pasien diabetes memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap outcome kesehatan dan psikososial (Rickheim dkk., 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh metode edukasi secara berkelompok terhadap kepuasan terapi dan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Januari-Mei 2013 di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang mendapatkan terapi berbasis insulin. Responden terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dua kali, yaitu pre-test dan post-test, dengan rentang waktu sebulan. Edukasi berkelompok diberikan pada kelompok intervensi setelah pre-test. Data yang dinilai adalah selisih skor pre-test dan posttest kepuasan terapi dan kualitas hidup. Penilaian kepuasan terapi menggunakan kuesioner Patient Satisfaction of Insulin Therapy (PSIT), sedangkan penilaian kualitas hidup menggunakan Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ). Terdapat 43 responden yang mengikuti penelitian ini hingga selesai. Data pre-test kepuasan terapi maupun kualitas hidup menunjukkan responden berasal dari baseline yang sama. Hasil uji komparasi skor post-test kepuasan terapi menunjukkan adanya pengaruh edukasi pada kepuasan terapi (p=0,009) serta salah satu domainnya yaitu kenyamanan sosial (p=0,002). Hasil komparasi skor post-test terhadap pre-test terdapat peningkatan kepuasan terapi pada domain kenyamanan sosial (p=0,037). Kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan kepuasan terapi. Hasil uji komparasi post-test terhadap pre-test menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas hidup (p=0,013) serta domain kepuasan pengobatan (p=0,012) serta frekuensi gejala (p=0,024), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terjadi perubahan. Edukasi secara berkelompok meningkatkan kepuasan terapi, terutama pada domain kenyamanan sosial serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup terutama pada domain kepuasan pengobatan dan frekuensi gejala.

Education for diabetic patients gives positive impact on health and psychosocial outcome (Rickheim et.al., 2002). The aim of this study is to identify the effectivity of group education method on therapy satisfaction and quality of life type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient at Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. This is an experimental study in T2DM patient with insulin therapy at Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Dr. Sardjito during in period January until May 2013. All of respondents divided in two groups, control group and intervention group. The data were taken in twice, pre-test and post-test. Pre-test and post-test were taken between a month. The Group education was given to intervention group after pre-test, education was given to control group after post-test. The assessed data were difference score between pretest and posttest of therapy satisfaction and quality of life. The assessment of therapy satisfaction used Patient Satisfaction with Insulin Therapy (PSIT) questionnaire and quality of life assessment used Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ). There were 43 respondents until end of this study. The data shows baseline of respondents were same on therapy satisfaction and quality of life pre-test score. Post-test score comparation test shows that eduction impact therapy satisfaction (p=0,009) and one of therapy satisfaction domain, social comfort, (p=0,002). Comparation test between post-test and pre-test in each group shows improve score in intervention group on social comfort domain (p=0,037). Changing score were not shown in control group. On quality of life, comparation test between post-test and pre-test score shows quality of life improvement (p=0,013), and two domains, these are treatment satisfaction (p=0,012) and frequency of (p=0,024). No changing score showed in control group. Group education improve therapy satisfaction and its domain, social comfort. Group education also improve quality of life and the domains, therapy satisfaction and symptoms frequency.

Kata Kunci : diabetes melitus tipe 2, edukasi secara berkelompok, kepuasan terapi, kualitas hidup