Perkembangan Pande Besi di Jodog 19301 - 1990an

NDARU SIH WAHYONO, Dr. Mutiah Amini S.S., M.Hum.

2014 | Skripsi | ILMU SEJARAH

Fokus penelitian ini adalah tentang dinamika ekonomi dan sosial pande besi di Jodog sejak tahun 1930an sampai 1990an. Penelitian ini dikaji menggunakan metode sejarah dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber baik primer, sekunder dan lisan. Pengumpulan sumber lebih banyak menggunakan metode sejarah lisan yakni wawancara dikarenakan keberadaan dokumen sangat sedikit terlebih pasca terjadinya gempa beberapa tahun silam. Sumber primer meliputi foto, Kartu Tanda Penduduk, beberapa Ijazah Pelatihan dan Penghargaan masih dapat ditemukan dengan jumlah yang sangat terbatas. Sedangkan sumber sekunder dari buku dan laporan penelitian juga sedikit. Penulisan tema ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keberadaan pande besi yang terlupakan dalam kajian panjang sejarah pertanian maupun pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan istilah pande besi karena dilakukan di pedesaan jawa. Pande besi di pedesaan jawa sejatinya sudah ada sejak berabad-abad silam. Pande besi di Jodog telah melewati berbagai macam zaman yang membuat pande besi mengalami berbagai macam perkembangan. Pada tahun 1930an jodog terdapat berbagai jenis pande besi, seperti pande gong, pande roda gerobak, serta pande alat pertanian dan kebutuhan rumah tangga. Pada masa itu pande besi justru mampu bertahan ketika terjadi krisis ekonomi. Pada tahun 1940an pande besi mengalami kemunduran akibat beberapa peperangan. Namun semenjak tahun 1950an pande besi bangkit menjadi sektor yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pertanian. Puncaknya pada tahun 1970an hasil pande besi di Jodog sudah menyebar di seluruh kawasan Bantul. Pada tahun 1980an mekanisasi pada pande besi mulai terjadi bersamaan dengan berkembangnya pabrik-pabrik berskala besar yang membuat pande besi harus bersaing dengan produk buatan pabrik. Kemunduran pada pande besi kemudian terjadi ditandai dengan berkurangnya jumlah dan minat generasi terhadap profesi pande besi pada tahun 1990an.

The focus of this research is about economics and social dynamics of pande besi in Jodog from 1930s to 1990s. This research is examined by using historical method which takes advantages from various sources such as primary sources, secondary sources and spoken sources. The sources were mostly taken from spoken historical method namely interview because the document was just a little since the earthquake some years ago. Primary sources are including photos, identity card, some training diplomas and appreciations in a limited number. On the other hand, secondary sources such as books and reports were also limited. The theme of the research was based on the existence of pande besi that was almost forgotten from the long history of agriculture and countryside. This research used the term pande besi because it was done in Javanese countryside. Pande besi in this place had been existed since some centuries ago. Pande besi in Jodog had passed some periods of time with its development. In 1930s, there were some many pande besi in Jodog such as pande gong, pande roda gerobak, and pande of agriculture appliances and home appliances. Pande besi kept holding on at that time though there was an economic crisis. In 1940s, pande besi became to decline because of some wars. However, in 1950s, pande besi got up and become a sector that cannot be separated from agriculture. 1970s was the anticlimax of the development of pande besi since the product of pande besi in Jodog had been spread out to the whole of Bantul area. In 1980s, the mechanization of pande besi began which is accompanied with the development of many big factories that became its rival in producing the products. The decline of pande besi happened which is indicated by the decrease of the number and willingness of the youth generations to make pande besi as their profession in 1990s.

Kata Kunci : Kerajinan, Industri, Pande besi, Alat tani, Jodog