THE COMMUNITY-BASED FACILITY MAINTENANCE AGENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY WATER SERVICES AND HEALTH PROJECT (CWSHP) PROGRAM IN AIR SULAU VILLAGE, BENGKULU SELATAN REGENCY

IRAWAN GUSTIN, Prof. Dr.dr.KRT. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Negara menjamin hak setiap orang untuk mendapatkan air bagi kebutuhan pokok. Kenyataan di lapangan tidak semua warga negara dapat menikmati pelayanan air bersih. Banyaknya pembangunan sarana air bersih yang dibangun pemerintah tidak berkelanjutan dalam pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan. Kegagalan ini disebabkan karena kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dan opsi pemilihan sarana air bersih, tidak sesuai dengan kehendak masyarakat. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian bagaimana keberlanjutan program CWSHP. Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan Peran Badan Pemelihara Sarana, Peran Sanitarian dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam keberlanjutan program Community Water Services and Health Project (CWSHP) di Desa Air Sulau Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini terdiri 15 orang yaitu ketua Tim Penggerak Masyarakat (TPM), Kepala Desa, Kepala Puskesmas, Sanitarian, ketua Badan Pemelihara Sarana, ketua DPMU CWSHP dan 1 orang Community Fasilitator serta 7 orang pengguna sarana air bersih. Hasil:Peran Badan Pemelihara Sarana dan Petugas Sanitarian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan Program CWSHP di desa Sulau tidak berfungsi sebagai mana mestinya. Bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam keberlanjutan program yaitu, ada pernyataan masyarakat akan kebutuhan sarana air bersih, masyarakat memanfaatkan sarana, ada pengembangan, pemeliharan dan pengelolaan sarana air bersih, konstruksi sarana sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat, masyarakat merasa puas dengan kuantitas dan kualitas sarana sumur gali yang dibangun dan turunnya angka penyakit Diare. Kesimpulan: Keberlanjutan program CWSHP di Desa Sulau tetap terlaksana karena opsi sarana air bersih adalah sumur gali, BPS ada atau tidak keberadaannya tidak begitu berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan program karena masyarakat bisa mengembangkan sendiri sarana tersebut secara swadaya. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan yaitu adanya pernyataan masyarakat akan kebutuhan saran air bersih dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program ini yakni masyarakat memanfaatkan fasilitas sarana air bersih dan ikut dalam pengoperasian, pemeliharan, perbaikan, pengembangan sarana serta adanya perubahan prilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada masyarakat karena semakin tinggi kebutuhan akan sarana air bersih yang diperlukan maka tingkat kemandirian masyarakat semakin besar, ini terbukti tampa ada pembinaan dari petugas sanitarian dan tidak berfungsinya Badan Pemelihara Sarana.

Background: The government guarantees citizen’s right for water as a means for meeting the basic needs. In fact, not all citizens can get adequate access to clean water. Many clean water facilities built by the government are not sustainable in terms of operation and maintenance. The failure was attributable to the lack of community participation and options of clean water facilities and to the fact that the facilities could not meet the community needs. Therefore, a research on the sustainability of CWSHP program is necessary. Objective: The research aims at describing the role of Facility Maintenance Agency, Sanitarian, and Community Participation in the sustainability of Community Water Services and Health Project (CWSHP) program in Air Sulau Village, Bengkulu Selatan Regency. Method: A descriptive case study research was conducted using qualitative approach. Data analysis was conducted in a descriptive way. The research involved 15 key informants. They were Community Mobilization Team (TPM), Village Chief, Head of Health Center, Sanitarian, the Head of Facility Maintenance Board, head of DPMU CWSHP, 1 Community Facilitator, and 7 users of clean water facilities. Results: The role of Facility Maintenance Board and Sanitarian in supporting the sustainability of CWSHP program in Air Sulau Village was not optimum. The community participation in the program sustainability came in the form of community statement on the need for clean water; the use of facility; development, maintenance, and management of clean water facilities, construction of the facilities based on the community need, the community feel are satisfied with the quantity and quality of means dug wells built, and the decrease of Diarrhea cases. Conclusion: CWSHP program in Air Sulau Village could be implemented since the community had another option of clean water source, that is ground wells. The existence of Facility Maintenance Agency did not greatly influence the program sustainability since the community could get the clean water source in their own way. Factors that influenced to the sustainability program included the community statement on the need for clean water facilities and community participation in the programs – namely, the community used the clean water facilities in operating, maintaining, repairing, and developing the facilities. In addition, the community showed a modification in clean and healthy living behavior since the higher the need for clean water facilities, the higher the level of community autonomy. This was an evident from the fact that no sanitarian was in service and the Facility Maintenance Board did not function well.

Kata Kunci : Keberlanjutan, CWSHP, Partisipasi , BPS, Sanitarian