SEJARAH EKONOMI ORANG KALANG DI CILACAP DAN KEBUMEN, 1950an-1990an

PRADITA DEVIS DUKARNO, Prof. Dr. Bambang Purwanto, M.A.

2013 | Skripsi | ILMU SEJARAH

Fokus penelitian ini yakni tentang keberhasilan dan kemunduran dalam sejarah ekonomi orang Kalang sebagai pedagang dan pengusaha di Cilacap dan Kebumen. Proses tersebut digambarkan melalui sisi ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dan juga pemanfaatan sumber primer, sekunder, dan lisan. Sumber primer seperti foto, surat nikah, dan catatan organisasi Keluarga Kalang. Sementara sumber sekunder dari buku dan laporan penelitian. Sumber lisan dari kerabat orang Kalang dan pengurus organisasi. Pemilihan batasan tahun penelitian antara 1950an1990-an. Hal ini didasarkan atas pertimbangan periode 1950an-1970an ekonomi orang Kalang sedang dalam masa kejayaan. Periode 1980an-1990an ekonomi orang Kalang mengalami penurunan. Secara historiografis penelitian ini memberikan sumbangan tentang ekonomi orang Kalang yang masih sedikit dilakukan oleh sejarawan. Dalam berdagang, orang Kalang tidak hanya mengandalkan faktor ekonomi tetapi juga sosial dan budaya. Sosial, orang Kalang dalam masyarakat di pandang sebagai orang kaya dan ada beberapa yang menjadi kepala desa sehingga mereka dianggap orang terhormat. Budaya yakni identitas dan kekerabatan. Identitas, hampir sebagian besar orang Kalang menjadi pedagang. Mereka selalu melatih sejak dini anaknya untuk berdagang. Pengalaman berdagang dari kecil ini ikut membentuk dan mendorong untuk menjadi pedagang. Kekerabatan, orang Kalang melakukan pernikahan antar kerabat. Pernikahan ini dapat membatasi kekayaan keluarga agar tidak terpecah-pecah. Ketika ekonomi mereka mengalami kemunduruan juga mempengaruhi pada aspek sosial dan budaya. Dalam bidang sosial, orang Kalang sudah dianggap sebagai masyarakat biasa. Sisi budaya, banyak orang Kalang yang menjadi pegawai negeri atau swasta dan menikah dengan non Kalang.

The focus of this research is about the economic history success and decline of Kalang people as a merchant and businessman in Cilacap and Kebumen, process is described through the economic, social, and cultural aspects. This research uses historical method and also utilizes primary sources, secondary and oral history. The primary sources are photos, marriage certificates and the documents of Kalang people organization. Furthermore, the secondary sources are books and research reports and the oral sources are the relatives of Kalang people and the member of Kalang organization. Moreover, the scope of this research is the period between 1950s-1990s, which based on the consideration 1950s-1970s in the economic of Kalang has success. All of this reason due to considers the period between 1980s-1990s the economic of Kalang people has declined. Historiographically, also this research gives contribution about orang Kalang’s economic which is the study of this theme still a few was done by historian. In trade, Kalang people not only depend on economic factors but also social and cultural aspects. In the social aspect, Kalang people in society is seen as rich people and some of them have worked as village chief so that they are considered as respectable group. In cultural aspect, the identity and kinship of Kalang people, almost them have become as merchants. They always training their children since childhood as merchant. The experience as a merchant since their children have formed and encouraged them to become a merchant. Culturally, in kinship Kalang people are doing marriage between relatives. This marriage can make the wealth of Kalang people doesn’t asunder. When the economics of them have fallen, this condition also gives a contribution in social and cultural aspect. In social aspect, Kalang people has recognized as common people. In cultural aspect, many Kalang people become civil servants or work in private area and married with non-kalang people.

Kata Kunci : Orang Kalang, Pedagang, Pengusaha, Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya, Keberhasilan, Kemunduran