PENGARUH PROMOSI PEMBERIAN SAMPEL SUSU FORMULA TERHADAP PRAKTEK PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI KOTA PAGAR ALAM PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Tuti Nuraini, dr. Madarina Julia, Sp.A(K)., MPH., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan salah satu program untuk menurunkan angka kematian bayi. Pemberian susu formula meningkat tiga kali lipat dari 10,3% menjadi 32,5%. Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kota Pagar Alam tahun 2011 sebesar 43%. Iklan susu formula sudah menyentuh bidan swasta maupun Puskesmas melalui pendekatan dari produsen susu formula ke bidan di Puskesmas dan memberikan susu formula secara gratis untuk dibagikan ke ibu menyusui dengan dalih promosi. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis determinan kegagalan praktek pemberiaan ASI eksklusif di Kota Pagar Alam Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan unmatching case control yang mengambil wilayah penelitian di Kota Pagar Alam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Pagar Alam Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu menyusui memiliki bayi di Kota Pagar Alam Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Subjek penelitian ibu menyusui memiliki bayi 7-12 bulan. Pengambilan sampel secara proportional random sampling. Variabel penelitian ini meliputi: variabel terikat ialah praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif, variabel bebas yaitu promosi pemberian sampel susu formula. Variabel pengganggu adalah jenis persalinan, tempat persalinan, pendidikan ibu, status rooming in, IMD, dan antenatal care. Analisa data penelitian ini melalui analisis univariabel, bivariabel, dan multivariabel. Hasil: Promosi pemberian sampel susu formula mempengaruhi praktek pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif (OR 3,67; 95% CI 1,50-9,03 dan p = 0,002). Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak diberikannya dukungan oleh tenaga kesehatan dapat mempengaruhi baik secara praktis maupun statistik terhadap praktek pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif (OR 4,20; 95% CI = 1,29-15,90, dan p = 0,007). Kesimpulan: Ibu yang memperoleh promosi sampel susu formula lebih banyak tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif daripada ibu yang tidak memperoleh promosi sampel susu formula.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the programs to reduce infant mortality. Formula feeding has tripled from 10.3% to 32.5%. The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the City of Pagar Alam in 2011 was by 43%. Advertising of instant formula has reached privately practicing midwives or health centers. The approach from instant formula manufacturers to midwives in health centers is by providing free milk formula to nursing mothers to be distributed under the pretext of promotion. Objective: To analyze the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice failures in the City of Pagar Alam of South Sumatra Province. Methods: This was an observational study with an unmatched case-control design with the study area in the City of Pagar Alam. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who had babies in the city of Pagar Alam of South Sumatra Province. The research subjects were breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months. The sampling was proportional random sampling. The variables of the study included: the dependent variable, i.e, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, the independent variable, i.e, promotion of free milk formula samples, and the confounding variables, i.e, the type of delivery, place of delivery, maternal education, the status of rooming-in, EIB, and antenatal care. The analysis of research data was through univariable, bivariable, and multivariable analyses. Results: Promotion of formula milk samples affected the practice of non exclusive breastfeeding (OR 3.67; 95% CI 1.50 to 9.03, p = 0.002). The results also showed that the absence of support posed by health workers could affect both practically and statistically the practice of non exclusive breastfeeding (OR 4.20; 95% CI = 1.29 to 15.90, and p = 0.007). Conclusion: Mothers more to obtain the promotion of infant formula samples do not give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers did not receive the promotion of infant formula samples.

Kata Kunci : Susu formula, ASI eksklusif