KAJIAN SISTEM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI MALUKU

RAHIMA KALIKY, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi,M.Si.

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyelenggaraan dan revitalisasi penyuluhan pertanian; menganalisis pengaruh social capital terhadap penyelenggaraan penyuluhan, human capital, aksesibilitas, dan perilaku petani; menganalisis pengaruh penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian terhadap human capital, aksesibilitas dan perilaku petani; dan mengkaji sistem penyuluhan pertanian di Maluku. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode survey di 18 desa pada 6 kecamatan di 2 kabupaten. Penentuan lokasi kabupaten dengan metode acak sederhana. Lokasi kecamatan dan desa ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive). Sampel petani ditentutan dengan metode multistage random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis struktural equation modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: intensitas penyuluhan dengan pendekatan persuasif partisipatif rendah; sistim penyuluhan pertanian existing tidak efektif; human capital, aksesibilitas, dan perilaku petani berusahatani secara intensif rendah; social capital tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian, human capital dan perilaku petani; Kurang terbangunnya koneksitas antara penyuluh pertanian dengan kelompok sosial adat dan keagamaan dalam penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian; penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap human capital, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap aksesibilitas dan perilaku petani; human capital berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aksesibilitas namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku petani; aksesibilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku petani. Untuk memudahkan petani di pedesaan Maluku mengakses inovasi teknologi pertanian melalui kelompok sosialnya, maka sistem penyuluhan existing perlu di perbaiki dengan introduksi inovasi kelembagaan dengan memanfaatkan potensi kelembagaan adat (soa) dan kelembagaan keagamaan (takmir masjid dan majelis jemaat gereja) sebagai bagian dari sub sistem delivery di level mikro dalam sistem penyuluhan pertanian di Maluku.

This research aims to study the implementation and revitalization of agriculture extension; to analyze the influence of social capital toward implementation of agriculture extension, human capital, accessibility, and farmers behavior; to analyze the influence of the implementation of agriculture extension toward human capital, accessibility, and farmer behavior in farming activities; and to assess agriculture extension system in Maluku Province. The research uses survey in 18 villages of 6 sub-districts in 2 districts in Maluku. The districts were selected by using simple random sampling, while the sub-districts were selected purposively. farmers are chosen as sample respondents by using multistage random sampling. The data is analyzed by using statistic descriptive and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed the implementation of agricultural extension in Maluku not involving farmers actively and participatory. Participative and persuasif approach intensity in agricultural extension is low. Existing agricultural extension system is not effective. Human capital, accessibility, and farmers behavior in intensive farming is low. Social capital does not significantly affect the implementation of agricultural extension, human capital and farmers behavior. Connectivity between agricultural extension worker with customs and religious social groups within implementation of agricultural extension less built up. Implementation of agricultural extension has a significant influence toward human capital but not significant effect on the accessibility and farmers behavior. Human capital significantly influence the accessibility but does not affect toward farmers behavior. Accessibility does not influence toward farmers behavior. To facilitate the agricultural innovation technology access of farmers in rural Maluku through social groups, the existing agricultural extension system needs to be improved with the introduction of institutional innovation by utilizing the potential of traditional institutions (soa) and religious institutions (mosque management and the church congregation) as part of a sub-system delivery at the micro level in the agricultural extension system in Maluku.

Kata Kunci : penyuluhan pertanian, sistem, kelembagaan adat, kelembagaan keagamaan, Maluku