KANDUNGAN KOLESTEROL SERUM DAN SIFAT DIGESTA TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA YANG DIBERI PAKAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) OLAHAN

MARTINA SETYASIH, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Anggrahini, M.S.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari jamur tiram putih olahan terhadap kolesterol serum dan sifat digesta tikus Sprague Dawley hiperkolesterolemia. Tiga puluh ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan, umur 8 minggu diberi pakan standar AIN’93 selama seminggu. Tikus dibuat hiperkolesterolemia dengan pemberian 1 g kolesterol murni dan 0,25 g asam kolat selama seminggu. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan diet yang berbeda. Kelompok I, standar diet AIN’93 diberikan pada tikus sebagai kelompok kontrol; kelompok II, standar diet ditambahkan tepung jamur mentah; kelompok III, standar diet ditambahkan tepung jamur rebus; kelompok IV, standar diet ditambahkan tepung jamur goreng; kelompok V, standar diet ditambahkan tepung jamur panggang. Total kolesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) dan high density lipoprotein (HDL) serum tikus dianalisa setiap minggu selama 4 minggu. Pada akhir penelitian, digesta diambil dari sekum tikus. Digesta dianalisis meliputi kadar berat, air, pH, kolesterol, dan asam lemak rantai pendek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi jamur tiram putih olahan oleh tikus hiperkolesterolemia dapat mempengaruhi kolesterol serum secara positif. Perlakuan dengan jamur tiram mentah, rebus, goreng dan panggang menurunkan total kolesterol serum masing-masing 53%, 37%, 29% dan 53% serta LDL kolesterol serum masing-masing 92%, 70%, 56%, dan 88% namun pada kelompok kontrol terjadi peningkatan kolesterol. Perlakuan dengan jamur tiram putih tidak meningkatkan HDL kolesterol secara signifikan. Kandungan SCFA pada digesta tikus yang diberi jamur tiram olahan meningkat signifikan dibandingkan jamur tiram mentah dan kontrol. Nilai pH digesta tikus pada semua kelompok tidak berbeda nyata kecuali kelompok V (diet dengan jamur tiram panggang). Kadar air digesta tikus yang diberi jamur tiram rebus dan mentah lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Berat digesta tikus yang diberi jamur tiram signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol. Kolesterol digesta tikus yang diberi jamur tiram rebus dan panggang lebih tinggi dibandingkan jamur tiram goreng dan kontrol

This research were to study the effect of processed oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the cholesterol and digesta characteristics of Sprague Dawley hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty of eight weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with standard diet AIN’93 for a week. The rats were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding 1 g pure cholesterol and 0,25 g of cholic acid for a week. The rats were divided into 5 groups and each group was treated with different diet. Group I, standar diet AIN’93 was fed to the rats as control; group II, standar diet added with raw oyster mushroom; group III, standar diet added with boiled oyster mushrooms ; group IV, standar diet added with fried oyster mushrooms; group V, standar diet added with roasted oyster mushrooms. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of the serum rats was analyzed every week during 4 weeks. In the end of the research, digesta were taken from rat’s cecum. Its were analyzed for weight, moisture, pH, cholesterol, and short chain fatty acid content. The study indicated that the consumption of processed oyster mushrooms by hypercholesterolemic rats, could positively influence the serum cholesterol. Treatment with raw, boiled, fried, roasted oyster mushroom decreased the total cholesterol value by 53%, 37%, 29% and 53% respectively, and low density lipoprotein value by 92%, 70%, 56%, and 88%, respectively while control group were increase. Treatment with oyster mushroom was not increased the high density lipoprotein significantly. SCFA level of rats digesta processed oyster mushroom were increase significantly as compared with raw and control mushroom treatment. pH value of all group were not significantly different except group V (diet with roasted oyster mushroom). Moisture content of rats digesta treated with boiled and raw diet was higher than control. Weight value of rats digesta fed with oyster mushroom was significantly less than control. Cholesterol of rats digesta fed with boiled and roasted oyster mushroom were higher than with fried and control mushroom

Kata Kunci : jamur tiram putih, total kolesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, hypercholesterolemia