DISTRIBUSI DAN KEMELIMPAHAN ARTHROPODA TANAH PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI YOGYAKARTA

MAR'ATUS SHOLIKHA, Dr. Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan, M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Kebakaran hutan di Lereng Gunung Merapi terjadi pada tahun 1994, 2002 dan 2010. Kebakaran hutan secara langsung berpengaruh pada komunitas arthropoda tanah. Penelitian ini mempelajari distribusi dan kemelimpahan arthropoda tanah pasca kebakaran hutan di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di hutan berumur 1 tahun terbakar parah (Kis), terbakar sedang (Gam) dan terbakar ringan (Gal); hutan berumur 17 tahun (KuHt); hutan berumur 9 tahun (Tub) dan (Tubi ) yang diinvasi spesies Eupatorium odoratum dan hutan tidak terbakar (TubH). Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan secara Stratified Random Sampling . Penelitian dilakukan pada musim kemarau di bulan September-Oktober 2011 dan musim hujan pada bulan Maret 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cacah genus dan individu paling tinggi ditemukan di hutan berumur 9 tahun (Tub) pada musim hujan. Secara berurutan sebanyak 47 genus dan 249 individu/1900 cm3. Prabhergia adalah genus dominan di hampir semua lokasi, kecuali di hutan terbakar sedang (Gal) yang didominasi larva diptera dari Famili Dolichopodidae. Mikrofitofagus dan predator menjadi grup dominan. Perkembangan vegetasi dan pemulihan kondisi habitat menentukan perkembangan komunitas arthropoda tanah. Kelembaban tanah dan imigrasi berpengaruh terhadap kehadiran cacah genus dan individu penyusun komunitas arthropoda tanah.

Forest fires in the slope of Mount Merapi has occurred in 1994, 2002 and 2010. Forest fire has direct effect on soil arthropod. This study to investigated of distribution and abundance of soil arthropod after forest fire in Mt. Merapi National Park. The study area was conducted in 1 year-old forest : severe burnt forest (Kis), medium burnt forest (Gam), light burnt forest (Gal); 9 years-old forest (Tub) and (Tub i) that invated of Eupatorium odoratum; 17 years-old forest (KuHt) and unburnt forest. Soil samples were collected by Stratified Random Sampling. The study was on September to October 2011 in dry season and March 2012 in wet season. Highest number of genera and individual were found in the 9 years-old forest (Tub) in wet season. It was 47 genera and 249 individuals/1900 cm3 respectively. Prabhergia was dominant genera in all study site, except in the light burnt forest (Gal) dominated by Diptera larvae of Dolichopodidae. Microphytophagous and predator were dominant group. Vegetation growth and stability of habitat affected on soil arthropod community. Imigration and soil moisture might have affected on increased number of genera and individual in all study site.

Kata Kunci : kebakaran, arthropoda tanah, perkembangan vegetasi, mikrofitofagus, predator, Prabhergia, Dolichopodidae