PENGARUH ASUPAN TEMPE TERHADAP STATUS FOLAT PADA TIKUS (Sprague dawley)

YUNIAR KHASANAH, Prof. Dr. Mary Astuti, Ms.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Kedelai Defisiensi folat akan meningkatkan resiko kanker kolorektal dan kanker payudara, berat bayi lahir rendah, Neural Tube Defects (NTD) dan anemia megaloblastik. Bahan pangan lokal seperi kacang-kacangan kaya akan nilai gizi salah satunya sebagai sumber folat. dan tempe juga merupakan sumber folat. Namun, informasi tentang pengaruh konsumsi produk ini terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan folat belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan folat kedelai Varietas Anjasmoro, tempe dan tepung tempe, mengetahui pengaruh asupan tempe terhadap status folat (folat serum, folat liver, berat badan, hemoglobin, gambaran mikroskopik sel darah merah dan profil hematologi darah) pada tikus (Sprague Dawley) menggunakan metode Deplesi- Replesi. dan data menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) pada 𝛼 Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu: tahap pertama pembuatan tempe dan tepung tempe serta dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan folat. Tahap kedua pengujian bioassay menggunakan tikus (Sprague Dawley) jantan (8 minggu). Pemeliharaan tikus dibagi dalam masa adaptasi (7 hari), masa deplesi (7 minggu) dan masa replesi (5 minggu). Masa deplesi tikus dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu kelompok yang diberi pakan standar (STD) (n= 6 ekor) dan pakan defisien folat (DEF) (n= 24 ekor). Masa replesi tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu: (1) tikus yang tetap diberikan pakan standar (STD), (2) tikus defisien yang diberikan pakan defisien folat (DEF),(3) tikus defisien yang diberikan pakan standar (DEF-STD), (4) tikus defisien yang diberikan pakan mengandung tempe 125g/kg pakan (DEF-TEM1),(5) tikus defisien yang diberikan pakan mengandung tempe 250 g/kg pakan (DEF-TEM2). Kondisi tikus diamati setiap hari dan penimbangan berat badan setiap 7 hari. Pengambilan darah dilakukan untuk analisis folat serum, hemoglobin dan profil hematologi darah. Akhir perlakuan tikus dianestesi dan diambil liver. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan SPSS ὥ 5%. Jika terdapat perbedaan nyata diuji dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk mengetahui perbedaan secara signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kedelai, kedelai siap fermentasi, tempe dan tepung tempe masing-masing mengandung folat: 1,71 mg/kg; 0,64 mg/kg; 1,02 mg/kg; 0,25 mg/kg. Defisiensi folat mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit dan peningkatan segmented netrofil. Konsumsi tempe 125g/kg pakan dan 250 g/kg pakan selama masa replesi memperbaiki sel darah merah, meningkatkan folat serum, hemoglobin, eritrosit serta hematokrit pada tikus defisien, tetapi belum memberikan pengaruh terhadap folat pada liver.

s Folate deficiency will increase colorectal cancer and breast cancer, low body weight birth, infertility, Neural Tube Defects (NTD) and megaloblastic anemia. Legume are rich in nutrition and high contents of folate. Soybeans and derivative products such as tempe are also a source of folate. However, information on the effect of the consumption of these products is limited. This study was conducted to determine the content of folate in soybeans (Var Anjasmoro), tempe and tempe flour, the effect of folate nutritional status (weight, hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematological profile, serum folate and liver) in rats (Sprague Dawley) using the Depletion-Repletion methode. s The research was conducted in two phases, tempe making and bioassay using rat (Sprague Dawley). The first step was making of tempe and tempe flour and analysis to determine the nutrient content and folate. The second was a bioassay, rats were divided in the adaptation period (7 days), depletion period (7 weeks), repletion period (5 weeks). Depletion period, rats were grouped into two groups that were fed a standard (STD) (n = 6) and feed folate deficient (DEF) (n = 24). Repletion period, rats were divided into 5 groups, ie (1) groups that were fed a standard (STD),(2) deficient rat were fed folate deficient (DEF), (3) deficient rats were fed standard (DEF-STD),(4) deficient rats were fed containing tempe 125g/kg diet (DEF-TEM1),(5) deficient rat were fed containing tempe 250 g/kg diet (DEF-TEM2). Physical conditions were observed daily and weighing was done every 7 days. Blood sampling performed for analysis of serum folate, hemoglobin and blood hematology profile. In the end of research, the rats were anesthetized and their livers were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, data were analyzed using analysis of variants (ANOVA) at α = 5%. If there are real differences were then tested by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences amongs treatments. be Research findings indicate that soy ans, soybean ready for fermentation, tempe and tempe flour contains folate subsequently 1.71 mg/kg; 0,64 mg/kg; 1,02 mg/kg, and 0.25 mg/kg. Folate deficiency resulted in decreased erytrosit, hemoglobin, hematocrit and increased segmented neutrophils. Consumption of tempe 125 g/kg diet and 250 g/kg diet during the repletion period in folate deficient rats effect the microscopic picture of the red blood cells, increase serum folate, hemoglobin, erythrocyte and hematocrit, but no effect on liver folate.

Kata Kunci : tempe, folat, status folat, in vivo