PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGGUNAAN PAKAN PENGUAT TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS INDUK KAMBING BLIGON YANG DIPELIHARA DI PETERNAK RAKYAT

NURAINI, Ir. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat penggunaan pakan penguat terhadap produktivitas induk kambing Bligon.Materi yang digunakan adalah 28 ekor induk kambing Bligon berumur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan awal 12-45, pakan hijauan berupa ramban yang sering digunakan oleh peternak dan pakan penguat. Ternak dikelompokkan kedalam 4 macam perlakuan pemberian pakan.Adapun perlakuan pada penelitian ini meliputi :perlakuan 1 (P1) = pakan ramban + 0%pakan penguat; perlakuan 2 (P2) = pakan ramban + pakan penguat 17%; perlakuan 3 (P3) = pakan ramban + pakan penguat 35%dan perlakuan 4 (P4) = pakan ramban + pakan penguat 52%. Penelitian berlangsung selama 8 bulan. Pakan yang diberikan sebanyak 3% dari bobot badan berdasarkan bahan kering. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, feed convertion ratio, feed cost per gain, pertambahan bobot badan harian induk kambing Bligon, litter size, bobot lahir, bobot sapih, PBBH prasapih dan mortalitas prasapih, post partum estrus, post partum mating, service per conception,interval kelahiran, panen cempe, indeks reproduksi induk, produktivitas induk, FCR, feed cost per gain. Data dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah apabila terdapat perbedaan signifikan, dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test(DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan harian, konversi pakan dan feed cost per gain induk kambing Bligon, sedangkan kinerja reproduksi induk dan kinerja anak tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan perlakukan pakan. Rerata pertambahan bobot badan harian induk kambing Bligon antara P1, P2, P3 dan P4 berturut-turut yaitu 30,16; 11,11; 34,92 dan 34,92 g/ekor/hari, sedangkan feed convertion ratio berturut-turut adalah 8,79; 16,37; 5,53 dan 7,97. Produktivitas induk pada P1, P2, P3 dan P4 berturut-turut adalah 21,92; 15,90; 15,15 dan 17,02 kg/induk/tahun. Bobot lahir cempe antara P1, P2, P3 dan P4 berturut-turut yaitu 2,67; 2,76; 2,43 dan 2,58 kg; bobot sapih berturut-turut yaitu 8,36; 8,93; 6,57 dan 7,14 kg, dan pertambahan bobot badan harian berturut-turut 63,10; 68,57; 46,03 dan 50,71 g/ekor/hari. Disimpulkan bahwa perbaikan pakan dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan harian pada pemberian pakan penguat sebesar35% dan 52%, dan berdampak positif pada produktivitas induk kambing Bligon (LS, PPE, PPM dan panen cempe) serta meningkatkan bobot lahir cempe (pemberian pakan penguat sebesar 17%).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation on the productivity of Bligon does. Twenty eight of 1.5-2 years old of Bligon with initial body weight 12-45 kg, feed supplement and roughages which is regularly offered to the goats, were used in this study. The does was divided into four treatments of feed supplementation. Treatment 1 was roughages without feed supplementation, treatment 2 was roughages with 17% feed supplementation, treatment 3 was roughages with 35% feed supplementation and treatment 4 was roughages with 52% feed supplementation. The study was conducted for 8 months. Feed was given 3% of body weight on dry matter base, while drink water was given ad libitum. The data observed were consisted of feed and nutrients intakes, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain, average daily gain of does, post partum estrus, post partum mating, service per conception, litter size, kidding intervals, kids crop, doe reproduction index, doe productivity, birth weight, weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain, and pre-weaning mortality. One way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data and continued by Duncans’ New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for significant differences. The result showed that feed supplementation had significant effects (P < 0.05) on the nutrients intakes, average daily gain, feed conversion and feed cost per gain of does, while reproductive performances of does and performances of kid did not significantly affected by feed supplementation. The average daily gain of does on P1; P2; P3; and P4 was 30.16; 11.11; 34.92 and 34.92 g/head/day, while, feed conversion ratio was 8,79; 16,37; 5,53 and 7,97 respectively. Doe productivity forP1, P2, P3 andP4 was21,92; 15,90; 15,15 dan 17,02 kg/doe/year. Birth weight of kid forP1, P2, P3 andP4 was2,67; 2,76; 2,43 and 2,58 kg; weaning weight was8,36; 8,93; 6,57 and 7,14 kg, and average daily gain of kid was 63,10; 68,57; 46,03 and 50,71g/head/day, respectively. It is concluded that improving feed for does using feed supplementation could increase average daily gain in 35% and 52% feed supplementationand positive effect for productivity of does (LS, PPE, PPM and kid crop) and birth weight of kids(17% feed supplementation )

Kata Kunci : Kambing Bligon, Pakan penguat, Produktivitas induk