ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DARI OVARIUM YANG MENGALAMI INFEKSI (OOFORITIS) PADA AYAM PETELUR KOMERSIAL DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS TERHADAP BEBERAPA JENIS ANTIBIOTIK

NOVIANTI NELIYANI TOELLE, Dr. drh. Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni, M.Si

2013 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Infeksi ovarium (ooforitis) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling sering ditemukan pada ayam petelur pada awal periode bertelur atau selama masa produksi. Ooforitis dapat meluas ke oviduk dan menimbulkan salpingitis atau sebaliknya. Penanggulangan kasus ooforitis pada umumnya menggunakan antibiotik dan antibiotik yang digunakan secara tidak rasional dapat mendukung timbulnya resistensi bakteri. Kasus ooforitis di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan, namun kejadian penurunan produksi telur sering terjadi. Bakteri penyebab ooforitis dan penggunaan antibiotik untuk pengobatan belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri penyebab ooforitis pada ayam petelur komersial dan untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas bakteri terhadap beberapa antibiotik yang umum digunakan di lapangan. Sejumlah 19 sampel ayam petelur komersial yang diperoleh dari tiga peternakan di daerah Yogyakarta dinekropsi dan ovarium yang mengalami infeksi dikultur pada plat agar darah (PAD), kemudian diinkubasikan pada suhu 37oC selama 18-24 jam secara aerob dan anaerob. Pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri. Setelah teridentifikasi, dilakukan uji sensitivitas dengan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri adalah Staphylococcus aureus (29%), Escherichia coli (21%), Staphylococcus intermedius (17%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13%), Streptococcus sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Bacillus cereus (4%), Enterobacter sp. (4%), dan Klebsiella pneumonia (4%). Bakteri yang diisolasi dari infeksi ovarium sensitif terhadap kombinasi amoksilin-asam klavulanat (88%), gentamisin (88%), enrofloksasin (71%), eritromisin (58%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri yang paling banyak diisolasi dari infeksi ovarium adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Sebagian besar bakteri yang diisolasi dari infeksi ovarium sensitif terhadap kombinasi amoksilin-asam klavulanat, gentamisin, enrofloksasin, dan eritromisin, namun resisten terhadap kolistin sulfat, tetrasiklin, dan penisilin.

Ovary infection (oophoritis) is among the most common diseases found in layers between the start of egg production and during the laying phase. The incidence of oophoritis may entend into oviduct to cause salphyngitis or vice versa. Generally, control of oophoritis was done with antibiotics, however antibiotic treatment was frequently improper that can support the emergence of bacterial resistance. Oophoritis cases in Indonesia has not been widely reported, however the incidence of decreased egg production often occurred. Oophoritis causing bacteria and antibiotic usage for treatment is also unknown well. Therefore, this experiment was designed to isolate and to identify the bacteria causing ovary infection in commercial layers and to evaluate bacterial sensitivity to some antibiotics that commonly used in the field. Nineteen samples of commercial layers that were obtained from three farms in the region of Yogyakarta were necropsied. Samples of infected ovaries were cultured on blood agar plates (PAD), then incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours in aerobic and anaerobic. Gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to identify the bacteria. After bacteria have been identified, sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer. Bacteria that can be isolated and identified from infected ovary were Staphylococcus aureus (29%), Escherichia coli (21%), Staphylococcus intermedius (17%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13%), Streptococcus sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Bacillus cereus (4%), Enterobacter sp. (4%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (4%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that bacteria originated from infected ovary were sensitive to the combination of amoxylin-clavulinic acid (88%), gentamicin (88%), enrofloxacin (71%), and erythromycin (58%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the most common bacteria that can be isolated from infected ovary were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Most of the bacteria isolated from infected ovary were sensitive to the combination of of amoxylin-clavulinic acid, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin, however they were resistant to colistin sulfate, tetracycline, and penicillin.

Kata Kunci : ovarium, ayam petelur, bakteri, antibiotik, uji sensitivitas.