ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEAMANAN PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN TEGAL SELATAN KOTA TEGAL

SUPANDI, Dr. Ir. Nurliyani, MS

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Tidak adanya kesadaran dan atau pengetahuan produsen makanan tentang penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dalam bahan makanan mengakibatkan rendahnya tingkat keamanan pangan jajanan anak sekolah, sehingga menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan anak-anak sekolah. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis dan mendiskripsikan faktor-faktor risiko (tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik) yang berhubungan dengan keamanan pangan jajanan anak Sekolah Dasar di wilayah Kecamatan Tegal Selatan Kota Tegal dari bahan kimia berbahaya (formalin, boraks dan rhodamin B). Metode Penelitian: Penelitian merupakan observational research dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Objek penelitian adalah 46 pedagang kaki lima jajanan anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan dan sampelnya yaitu Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji statistik univariabel, bivariabel dengan uji fisher exact dan multivariabel dengan regresi exact logistic pada p=0,05. Hasil: Sebanyak 6,52% pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di wilayah Kecamatan Tegal Selatan tidak aman karena mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya. Ada 3 variabel penelitian yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan keamanan PJAS dari bahan kimia berbahaya yaitu pengetahuan (p=0,011), sikap (p=0,024) dan praktik (p=0,006). Adapun variabel tingkat pendidikan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan keamanan PJAS dari bahan kimia berbahaya (p=0,585). Kesimpulan: Masih ada bahan kimia berbahaya dalam pangan jajanan anak Sekolah Dasar yang dijumpai di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan. Berdasarkan analisis bivariabel: tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan keamanan PJAS, ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan keamanan PJAS, ada hubungan antara sikap dan keamanan PJAS dan ada hubungan antara praktik dan keamanan PJAS. Berdasarkan analisis multivariabel hubungan faktor-faktor resiko dengan keamanan PJAS tidak bermakna, tetapi dapat ditetapkan bahwa antara praktik dan keamanan PJAS merupakan hubungan yang paling dominan dengan ods ratio 2,837.

Background: There is no awareness and or knowledge about the food manufacturers to use dangerous chemicals in food stuffs resulted in levels are street food safety of school children that the lower negative impact on the health of school children. Objectives: This study aims to analyze and describe the risk factors (level of education, knowledge, attitudes and practices) associated with street food of Elementary School children in South Tegal subdistrict of hazardous chemicals (formalin, borax and rhodamine B). Methods: This study uses observational research with cross sectional approach. Object of study is 46 merchant sidewalk street food of Elementary School children in the District of South Tegal and the sample is street food of school children. The data analyse done with the statistical test of univariable, bivariable with fisher exact and multivariable with regresi exact logistic at p=0,05. Results: As many of 6.52% street food of school children in South Tegal sub districts is not safe because they contain harmful chemicals. There are three variables that have a significant relationship with street food safety of school children from harmful chemicals that is knowledge (p =0.011), attitude (p =0.024) and practice(p=0.006). Variable levels of education did not have a significant relationship with street food safety of school children of hazardous chemicals (p =0.585). Conclussion: The persistence of the harmful chemicals in street food of Elementary School children that were found in the Southern Tegal Subdistrict. Based on bivariable analyse: there is not relationship between the level of education and the street food safety of school children, there is relationship between knowledge and the street food safety of school children, there is relationship between attitudes and the street food safety of school children and there is relationship between practices and the street food safety of school children. Base on multivariable analyse: the relationship between risk factors and the street food safety of School Children is meaningless, but it can be determined that the practices and the street food safety of school children is the most dominant the relationship with the ratio ods 2,837.

Kata Kunci : Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS), Bahan kimia berbahaya, Keamanan pangan.