VERBA TO EXPECT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN LEKSIKON PADANANNYA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA: SUATU KAJIAN METABAHASA SEMANTIK ALAMI

ENI MAHARSI, Dr. Suhandano, M.A.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Linguistik

Penelitian berbasis data korpus ini mengkaji verba sikap mental to expect dalam bahasa Inggris dan padan leksikonnya dalam bahasa Indonesia melalui pendekatan Metabahasa Semantik Alami (MSA). Tujuan penelitian adalah (i) menggambarkan padan leksikon verba bahasa Inggris to expect dalam bahasa Indonesia; (ii) menentukan relasi peran argumen verba to expect dan padan leksikonnya dalam struktur logis kalimat; dan (iii) menggambarkan struktur semantis verba to expect dan leksikon padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia serta menjelaskan perbedaan di antara keduanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif yang terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penyajian data. Sumber data adalah korpus paralel bahasa Indonesia-Inggris dan dikumpulkan melalui teknik unduh dan teknik catat. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik padan translasional dan teknik unsur pilah penentu (PUP) yang meliputi tahapan: kualifikasi data, pengelompokan data, analisis data, serta eksplikasi melalui teknik parafrase. Hasil analisis disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa leksikon bahasa Indonesia memiliki makna lebih khusus daripada to expect dengan teridentifikasinya dua puluh leksikon yang menjadi padanan verba to expect. Kedua puluh leksikon tersebut adalah berpikir, berharap, mengharapkan, harapkan, berharapkan, memperkirakan, yakin, percaya, menetapkan, menentukan, menduga, menjadwalkan, menyatakan, mengungkapkan, menunggu, memperhitungkan, mendapatkan, memotret dan yakin, rencanakan, sasaran. Peran makro argumen subyek dari to expect dan padan leksikonnya dapat diidentifikasi sebagai pelaku, penderita, dan pasien. Peran argumen obyek meliputi tema, pasien, lokasi, agen, perasa,serta penerima. Terkait konsep, expect dieksplikasi secara bebas konteks dan terikat konteks. Perbedaan yang muncul dari struktur semantis berbasis konteks dijelaskan berdasarkan faktor skenario motivasi prototipikal, hasil yang diinginkan, serta pelaku. Ketiganya merupakan fitur-fitur semantik yang secara inheren terkandung dalam makna tiap leksikon padan verba to expect, walaupun beberapa leksikon berada pada medan makna yang sama. Oleh karenanya, dalam memadantransalasikan verba to expect ke dalam leksikon bahasa Indonesia perlu dipertimbangkan apa yang di-expect, siapa yang expect, serta apa hasil yang diinginkan.

This corpus-based study investigates verbs relating to mental attitude of expecting in English and its lexical equivalents in Indonesian through the framework of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (hereafter NSM). The objectives are (i) to describe the lexical equivalents of English verb to expect in Indonesian; (ii) to define relation between macroroles of arguments in logical structure of to expect and its lexical equivalents in Indonesian; and (iii) to describe semantic structure of to expect and its lexical equivalents in Indonesian, as well as to explain the distinction of semantic structure between the two. Method employed for the research was descriptive. In this respect, there were three consecutive stages, namely data collection, data analysis, and data presentation. Data were taken from Indonesian-English parallel corpus and collected by using download technique and note taking technique. Data were analyzed by using translational identity technique and technique of critical element segment with the following stages: qualifying data, classifying data, analyzing data, then explicating through paraphrasing technique. The result of analysis was presented in both informal and formal methods. Research result indicates that compared to the verb expect in English, the Indonesian lexicons exhibit more specialised meanings as twenty rough equivalents of expect were identified. The twenty Indonesian counterparts of expect were berpikir, berharap, mengharapkan, harapkan, berharapkan, memperkirakan, yakin, percaya, menetapkan, menentukan, menduga, menjadwalkan, menyatakan, mengungkapkan, menunggu, memperhitungkan, mendapatkan, memotret dan yakin, rencanakan, sasaran. The macroroles of subject arguments of to expect and its lexical equivalents were marked as actor, undergoer, and patient. The roles of object arguments were marked as theme, patient, location, agent, perceiver, and receiver. With regard to concept, expect was explicated on two folds, namely context-free and context-based. The differences and similarities between the context-based semantic structures of expect and its Indonesian equivalents could be elucidated based on factors such as prototypical motivation scenario, desired or projected result, and actors. The three factors constitute semantic features inherently possessed by every lexical equivalent, though some of the lexicons belonged to the same semantic field. Therefore, when translating English expect into Indonesian, one should pay attention to what is being expected, who expects it, and what kind of result they intend to achieve.

Kata Kunci : expect, bahasa Inggris, padan leksikon, bahasa Indonesia, korpus, MSA.