ISOLASI SELULOSA DAN SINTESIS KARBOKSI METIL SELULOSA (CMC) DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

MOKHAMAD KHOIRON FERDIANSYAH, Prof. Dr. Ir. Djagal Wiseso Marseno, M.Agr.,

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan NaOH pada beberapa konsentrasi terhadap karakteristik selulosa yang diisolasi dari pelepah kelapa sawit, serta mengetahui kondisi optimum sintesis CMC pelepah kelapa sawit dengan faktor sintesis antara lain konsentrasi NaOH, berat NaMCA, dan suhu reaksi dengan respon DS. Isolasi selulosa dilakukan menggunakan larutan NaOH konsentrasi 8, 12, 15, 18%. Tepung selulosa yang diperoleh dianalisis kadar air, kadar abu, rendemen, kadar selulosa, WHC, OHC, lightness, gugus fungsional, dan kristalinitas. Tepung selulosa yang dihasilkan dengan kadar selulosa tertinggi selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku sintesis CMC. Sintesis CMC dioptimasi menggunakan rancangan penelitian Respon Surface Methods dengan respon yang diamati yaitu DS dan variabel bebas antara lain konsentrasi NaOH, berat NaMCA, dan suhu reaksi. CMC yang telah disintesis selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi dengan beberapa parameter yaitu kadar air, pH, viskositas, kemurnian, WHC, OHC, lightness, gugus fungsional, dan kristalinitas. Tepung selulosa yang diisolasi menggunakan NaOH 15% mempunyai kadar selulosa tertinggi 89,63%, kadar air 9,3%, kadar abu 2,12%, rendemen 37,32%, WHC 5,4 g/g, WHC 2,99 g/g, lightness 90,83, dan kristalinitas 31,57%. Kondisi optimum sintesis CMC didapatkan dengan konsentrasi NaOH 10%, berat NaMCA 4,57 gram, dan suhu reaksi 46,59oC. CMC yang telah disintesis tersebut mempunyai karakteristik antara lain DS 0,75, kemurnian 91,12%, pH 6,72, kadar air 7,65%, viskositas 11,65 cps, rendemen 137,12%, WHC 6,76 g/g, OHC 1,69 g/g, lightness 70,46, dan kristalinitas 25%. Jika spektra FTIR selulosa dan CMC pelepah kelapa sawit dibandingkan maka akan terlihat adanya perbedaan, dimana pada bilangan gelombang 1604 cm-1 dan 1419 cm-1 yang hanya terlihat di spektra CMC pelepah kelapa sawit.

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration on cellulose characteristics from palm midrib and to determine the optimum condition of synthesis of CMC using cellulose source from palm midrib with the synthesis factors such as concentration of NaOH, NaMCA level, and reaction temperature with the response degree of substitution (DS). Research was carried out with the isolation of cellulose using NaOH solution with a concentration of 8, 12, 15, 18%. Cellulose powder were then analyzed for moisture content, ash content, yield, cellulose content, WHC, OHC, lightness, functional groups, and crystallinity. Cellulose powder produced with the highest cellulose content was then used as main material for synthesis of CMC. Synthesis of CMC was optimized using Response Surface Methods with the observed responses are degree of substitution (DS) and the independent variables such as the concentration of NaOH, NaMCA level, and reaction temperature. CMC synthesis. CMC that has been optimized further characterization by several parameters such as water content, pH, viscosity, purity, WHC, OHC, lightness, functional groups, and crystallinity. Cellulose powder isolated using 15% NaOH has the highest cellulose content of 89,63%, 9,3% moisture content, 2,12% ash content, 37,32% yield, 5,4 g/g WHC, 2,99 g/g WHC, 90,83 lightness, and 31,57% crystallinity. The optimum condition for the synthesis of CMC obtained with 10% NaOH concentration, NaMCA weight of 4.57 grams, and a reaction temperature of 46.59oC. CMC that has been optimized has the characteristics such as DS 0, 75, purity of 91.12%, pH 6,72; moisture content of 7,65%, viscosity of 11,65 cps; yield of 137,12%; WHC 6,76 g/g, OHC 1,69 g/g; lightness 70,46, and crystallinity of 25%. If the FTIR spectra of cellulose and CMC of palm midrib were compared it will show a difference, where the wave number 1604 cm-1 and 1419 cm-1 which is only visible in the spectra of CMC of palm midrib

Kata Kunci : selulosa, CMC, pelepah kelapa sawit