STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT PESISIR PASCAREHABILITASI HUTAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN SAYUNG KABUPATEN DEMAK

PRILIANI GAMAYANTI, Prof. Dr. Sunarto, M.S.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Kerusakan hutan mangrove memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan ekologis pesisir di Kecamatan Sayung. Salah satu dampak yang terjadi adalah meningkatnya laju erosi pantai dan menyebabkan genang pasang. Upaya perbaikan lahan di wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Sayung telah dilakukan melalui kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove. Dengan terlaksananya kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove, telah memunculkan persepsi, kondisi sosial ekonomi dan pola adaptasi baru bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji persebaran hutan mangrove pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove di Kecamatan Sayung; 2) mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove di Kecamatan Sayung; 3) mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pesisir pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove di Kecamatan Sayung; dan 4) mengetahui bentuk strategi adaptasi masyarakat pesisir pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove di Kecamatan Sayung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode survei dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penentuan wilayah sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sedangkan penentuan responden menggunakan teknik proporsional simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persebaran mangrove semakin banyak terlihat pada tahun 2010 dibandingkan tahun 2002. Perubahan luas hutan mangrove dalam kurun waktu 2002-2010 adalah seluas 877,28 ha. Luasan hutan mangrove paling luas terdapat di Desa Bedono dan Desa Surodadi. Persepsi masyarakat pesisir terhadap kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove tergolong rendah dan sedang. Kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pesisir pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Bentuk strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan masyarakat pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove adalah alih fungsi pekerjaan, melindungi lahan tambak, berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dan melindungi hutan mangrove. Hanya sebesar 40% responden yang melakukan penyesuaian pascarehabilitasi hutan mangrove.

The damage of mangrove forests provide the negative effect for the ecological coastal environmental in Sayung Sub District. One of the impacts is increase the rate of coastal erosion and cause the tidal inundation. Efforts to improve land in coastal area Sayung Sub District had been carried out through the rehabilitation of mangrove forests activities. With the implementation of the rehabilitation of mangrove forests, it had raise new perception, socio-economic conditions and adaptation patterns for the society. This study was conducted: 1) to examine the distribution of mangrove forests postrehabilitation activities in Sayung Sub District; 2) to know the public perception of mangrove rehabilition activities in Sayung Sub District; 3) to know the socioeconomic conditions of coastal communities postrehabilitation of mangrove forests in Sayung Sub District; and 4) to know the form of adaptation strategies postrehabilition of mangrove forests in Sayung Sub District. Methods used in this research was survey method by using the descriptive quantitative and qualitative analytical method. Determination of sample area was using purposive sampling method, whereas the determination of respondent w as using proportional simple random sampling method. This research showed that the mangrove distribution more visible in 2010 rather than in 2002. The changing of mangrove forests area in 2002-2010 time period is 877,28 hectare. The biggest of mangrove forests area is located in Bedono and Surodadi Villages. The perception of coastal community in mangrove rehabilitation activities included in low and medium level classification. The socio-economic conditions of coastal communities after the rehabilitation of mangrove forests did not change significantly. The form of adaptation strategic made by coastal community after the rehabilitation of mangrove forests i.e. protection of farm land, participation in the rehabilitation activities of mangrove forests, and protection of mangrove forests. Only 40% of total respondents in this research who make adjustments after the rehabilitation activities of mangrove forests.

Kata Kunci : masyarakat pesisir, rehabilitasi hutan mangrove, strategi adaptasi, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak