PSYCHOLOGICAL GROWTH ANAK ADOPSI SEBUAH KAJIAN PSIKO-FENOMENOLOGI

Dea Chinantya Sutisna, Dr. MG. Adiyanti, MS.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Adopsi merupakan bentuk intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan anak secara fisik maupun psikis. Peningkatan kesejahteraan tersebut ternyata diiringi oleh munculnya beberapa permasalahan seperti perasaan kehilangan, perasaan malu dan bersalah, pembentukan identitas, depresi, perasaan ditolak/diabaikan, perasaan kedukaan/kesedihan, intimacy, dan kontrol. Ketiga responden dalam penelitian ini pun menunjukkan munculnya permasalahan tersebut dan permasalahan ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh usia saat responden diadopsi. Permasalahan yang dialami anak adopsi dapat menghalangi mereka membentuk pola pikir atau sikap yang positif. Strategi koping terhadap stres yang muncul akibat status adopsi anak, spiritualitas dan juga dukungan sosial merupakan aspek yang membantu responden mengembangkan pola pikir dan sikap yang positif. Pengembangan pola pikir dan sikap yang positif inilah yang kemudian diartikan sebagai kondisi psychological growth. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis dengan menggunakan tiga responden yang berusia 22 tahun, 24 tahun, dan 28 tahun serta sudah mengetahui statusnya sebagai anak adopsi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selain ketiga aspek tersebut, orangtua angkat dan orangtua kandung memiliki peran yang penting dalam membantu anak adopsi mencapai kondisi psychological growth.

Adoption is an intervention that aims to improve child’s physical and mental welfare. That kind of intervention also bring a lot of issues such as lost, shame and guilt, identity formation, depression, rejection, grief and sadness, intimacy and also control. All of participants in this research admitted that they also experienced lost, shame and guilt, identity formation, depression, rejection, grief and sadness, intimacy and control issues as a caused of their status. All of participants in this study also showed the emergence of these issues and these issues are not influenced by age when respondents adopted. These issues can be a barrier for the respondents in transforming positive mindset, behavior or selfconcept. Coping strategy, spirituality and social support can be used against adoption issues. They can help adopted children reforming their mindset, behavior and self-concept into positive form. Such situation can be describes as psychological growth, which is a positive development that happened as an outcome of life struggle. This research used a phenomenological approach to describe the dynamic situation of psychological growth in adoption cases. Three participants, involved in this research were in their early adulthood phase about 22 years old, 24 years old and 28 years old and already known their status as adopted children. Interview and observation were used as a technique to gathered data from three participants in this research. The results showed that coping strategy, spirituality and also social support have a significant role in helping participant achieving their psychological growth condition along with role of their adopted parents and biological parents.

Kata Kunci : adopsi, keluarga, strategi koping, spiritualitas, dukungan sosial,dan psychological growth