PENGARUH MACAM PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL WIJEN HITAM DAN WIJEN PUTIH (Sesamum indicum L.)

NURMASARI FITRISIANA, Dr. Ir. Taryono, M.Sc.

2013 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Salah satu lahan marjinal yang memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah lahan pantai. Banyak permasalahan yang terdapat pada tanah pasiran, baik secara fisika, kimia maupun biologi. Penambahan pupuk kandang diyakini dapat memperbaiki sifat fisika, kimia dan biologi tanah, oleh karena itu, suatu kajian dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang sapi, kambing, dan ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman wijen putih dan hitam (Sesamum indicum L.) serta kandungan minyak biji yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan pot di lapangan Kebun Percobaan Tridarma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada yang berlokasi di Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2012. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL faktorial).Faktor pertama terdiri dari 5 macam pupuk yaitu tanpa pemupukan, pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk anorganik. Faktor kedua terdiri dari 2 macam varietas wijen yaitu Wijen putih dan Wijen hitam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam α = 5 %, dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) α = 5 % serta uji lanjut berkelompok α = 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk kandang dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman wijen kultivar wijen hitam, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, berat kering umur 4 mst dan 14 mst, volume akar, kadar minyak, dan indeks panen jika dibandingkan penambahan pupuk anorganik. Kemudian berat biji per tanaman wijen putih dengan perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam 41,37 % lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi. Kadar minyak biji wijen putih pada penambahan pupuk kandang kambing 2,7 % lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa perlakuan.

One marginal land that shows high potential for agriculture is a sandy soil. Many problems are found in sandy soil, both in physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Farm yard manures are believed to be able to improve soil biological, chemical and physical characteristics, therefore research is carried out to determine the effect of cow, chickens, and goat manure fertilizers on growth, quantity and quality yield of white and black sesame. This research was conducted at Tridarma Farm Station, Agriculture Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, located in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta from March until July 2012. The design of experiments was factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was 5 kinds of fertilizers consisted of without fertilizer, cow manure, chicken manure, goat manure and inorganic fertilizer. The second factor was two kinds of sesame cultivars consisted of white sesame and black sesame. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance α = 5%. If there was significantly difference, interaction and mean effects were compared with Duncan New’s Multiple Range Test and planned test at α = 5 %. The results showed that the application of manure fertilizer can increase the plant height of black sesame, number of branches, number of pods, dry weight at 4 and 14 weeks after planting, root volume, oil content and harvest index compared to the application of inorganic fertilizer. Seed weight per plant of white sesame on chicken manure treatment is 41.37 % higher than goat manure treatment but it is not significantly different with cow manure. White sesame seed oil content with the application of goat manure is higher 2.7% than control.

Kata Kunci : wijen, pupuk, kandungan minyak