PERANAN TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN JAMUR AKAR PUTIH PADA BIBIT KARET

SURATUL IKHLAS K, Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Hadisutrisno, DAA.

2013 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Karet merupakan salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia, karena selain sebagai sumber devisa negara juga merupakan mata pencaharian bagi lebih dari 12 juta penduduk. Karet juga merupakan komoditas yang mampu membantu pembangunan bagi daerah-daerah terpencil. Penyakit akar putih yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus microporus adalah jenis penyakit yang sangat berbahaya bagi perkebunan karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penghambatan Trichoderma harzianum terhadap jamur akar putih dan penggunaan T. harzianum dalam menekan kemunculan penyakit akar putih di pembibitan karet. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Mikologi Pertanian dengan pengujian sifat antagonis T. harzianum, uji mikoparsitisme jamur T. harzianum terhadap R. microporus dan penelitian di rumah kasa. Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa diameter jamur R. microporus pada hari ke 7 tanpa jamur T. harzianum lebih besar 2,91 cm dibandingkan diameter R. microporus dengan jamur T. harzianum 2,70 cm dengan persentase penghambatan 7,21%. Pada uji mikoparasitisme bahwa hifa T. harzianum melilit hifa R. microporus sehingga pertumbuhannya terhambat. Hasil penelitian rumah kaca diperoleh persentase tanaman yang bergejala akibat serangan penyakit akar putih terdiri dari: P01: 0.00%, P02: 16, 68 %, P1: 17, 34 %, P2: 18, 72 %, P3: 10,70 %, P4: 5,71 % dengan rata-rata 11,52 %. Persentase terkecil diperoleh pada perlakuan P01 (air): 0.00%, dan terbesar diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 (10 g T. harzianum / polibag): 18,72 %, sedangkan intensitas penyakit akar putih pada setiap perlakuan P01: 0.00%, P02: 0,53 %, P1: 0,59 %, P2: 0,62 %, P3: 0,46 %, P4: 0,26 % dengan rata-rata 0,41 %. Persentase terkecil P01 (air) 0,00% dan yang tertinggi P2 ( 10 g T. harzianum / polibag) 1,33 %. Mekanisme pengendalian T. harzianum terhadap R. microporus berupa kompetisi dalam penggunaan nutrisi dan mikoparasitisme.

Hevea is one of the important commodities in Indonesia, because other than as the source of state revenue is also a livelihood for more than 12 million residents, as well as commodities that can assist the development of remote areas. White root disease caused by the Rigidoporus microporus is kind of a disease that are harmful for hevea plantation. aims this study is to determine inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum against the white root and the use of T. harzianum in suppressing the emergence of white root disease in the nurseries. The research conducted in laboratory of Agricultural Micology with testing the antagonistic nature of T. harzianum and mikoparsitisme test against the R. microporus. Results of laboratory studies showed that the diameter of the fungus R. microporus on day 7 without fungus T. harzianum greater 2.91 cm compared in diameter R. microporus with fungus T. harzianum 2.70 cm by percentage inhibition 7.21%. On the of test mikoparasitisme hifa of T. harzianum wrapped around hifa R. microporus so the growth is hampered. The research results of screen house obtained percentage who of symptomatic plants due to disease attack of white root in consist of : P01: 0.00%, P02: 16,68 %, P1: 17,34 %, P2: 18,72 %, P3: 10,70 %, P4: 5,71 % with the average of 11,52 %. Smallest percentage of obtained are of treatment P01 (water): 0.00%, and the largest of obtained on treatment P2 (5 g T. harzianum / polibag) : 18,72 %, while the intensity of the white root disease at each treatment P01: 0.00%, P02: 0,53 %, P1: 0,59 %, P2: 0,62 %, P3: 0,46 %, P4: 0,26 % with the average of 0,41 %. Smallest percentage of obtained are of treatment P01 (water): 0.00%, and the largest of obtained on treatment P2 (10 g T. harzianum / polibag) : 1,78%. Mechanisms controllingT. harzianum against R. microporus form of competition in the use of nutrition and mycoparasitism.Hevea is one of the important commodities in Indonesia, because other than as the source of state revenue is also a livelihood for more than 12 million residents, as well as commodities that can assist the development of remote areas. White root disease caused by the Rigidoporus microporus is kind of a disease that are harmful for hevea plantation. aims this study is to determine inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum against the white root and the use of T. harzianum in suppressing the emergence of white root disease in the nurseries. The research conducted in laboratory of Agricultural Micology with testing the antagonistic nature of T. harzianum and mikoparsitisme test against the R. microporus. Results of laboratory studies showed that the diameter of the fungus R. microporus on day 7 without fungus T. harzianum greater 2.91 cm compared in diameter R. microporus with fungus T. harzianum 2.70 cm by percentage inhibition 7.21%. On the of test mikoparasitisme hifa of T. harzianum wrapped around hifa R. microporus so the growth is hampered. The research results of screen house obtained percentage who of symptomatic plants due to disease attack of white root in consist of : P01: 0.00%, P02: 16,68 %, P1: 17,34 %, P2: 18,72 %, P3: 10,70 %, P4: 5,71 % with the average of 11,52 %. Smallest percentage of obtained are of treatment P01 (water): 0.00%, and the largest of obtained on treatment P2 (5 g T. harzianum / polibag) : 18,72 %, while the intensity of the white root disease at each treatment P01: 0.00%, P02: 0,53 %, P1: 0,59 %, P2: 0,62 %, P3: 0,46 %, P4: 0,26 % with the average of 0,41 %. Smallest percentage of obtained are of treatment P01 (water): 0.00%, and the largest of obtained on treatment P2 (10 g T. harzianum / polibag) : 1,78%. Mechanisms controllingT. harzianum against R. microporus form of competition in the use of nutrition and mycoparasitism.

Kata Kunci : Trichoderma harzianum, Rigidoporus microporus, pengendalian hayati, karet