EFIKASI VAKSIN POLIVALEN Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLAT JAWA TIMUR PADA LELE DUMBO (Clarias sp.)

MEEZAN ARDHANU A., Dr. Ir. Triyanto, M.Si.

2013 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode vaksinasi A. hydrophila yang paling efektif dalam pengendalian Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) pada ikan lele dumbo. Metode vaksinasi paling efektif dilihat dari nilai laju sintasan (Survival Rate) yang dihasilkan, tingkat perlindungan relatif (Relative Percent Survival), titer antibodi, dan rerata waktu kematian (Mean Time to Death). Pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap pertumbuhan spesifik juga diamati. Metode vaksinasi ini terdiri dari tiga metode (rendam, oral, dan injeksi) dan kontrol dengan tiga ulangan. Vaksinasi rendam (P1) dilakukan dengan merendam ikan uji dalam bak berisi vaksin polivalen dengan kepadatan 10 7 sel/ml selama lima menit. Vaksinasi oral (P2) dilakukan dengan memasukkan 0,1 ml vaksin melalui mulut ikan uji dengan dosis 10 7 sel/ikan. Vaksinasi injeksi (P3) dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan 0,1 ml vaksin dengan kepadatan 10 7 sel/ikan secara intraperitoneal. Seminggu setelah vaksinasi dilakukan booster dan seminggu setelah booster dilakukan uji tantang. Titer antibodi dari awal vaksinasi hingga setelah uji tantang juga diamati. Pada saat uji tantang semua perlakuan diinfeksi dengan cara injeksi intraperitoneal bakteri A. hydrophila isolat JTP2 dengan kepadatan 3,24 x 10 5 sel/ikan (LD70). Pengamatan sintasan, tingkat perlindungan relatif, dan rerata waktu kematian dilakukan selama 14 hari setelah infeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan vaksin polivalen meningkatkan sintasan (P<0,05) hingga 40,0-87,5% dimana kontrol (nonvaksinasi) hanya 13,3%. Vaksinasi juga dapat menunda rerata waktu kematian ikan (P<0,05). Metode vaksinasi paling efektif adalah metode injeksi intraperitoneal dengan nilai sintasan mencapai 87,5% tingkat perlindungan relatif 86,1%, dan rerata waktu kematian ikan 282 jam (12 hari). Akan tetapi vaksinasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan.

The aims of this research were to determine the most effective method of vaccination in controlling Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in African catfish. The effectiveness vaccination methods were evaluated by survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), antibody titers, and mean time of death (MTD). The effect of vaccination to specific growth was also observed. This vaccination method consists of three treatments (immersion, oral, and injection) and a control in three replications. Immersion vaccination (P1) was done by dipping the fish in vaccine suspended in water at 10 7 cells/ml for five minutes. Oral vaccination (P2) was done by feeding 0,1 ml vaccine directly through the fish covum oris at a dose of 10 7 cells/fish. Injection vaccination (P3) was done by injecting 0,1 ml of vaccine at a dose of 10 7 cells/fish intraperitoneally. A week after vaccination the second vaccination (booster) was conducted and one week after booster the fish was challenged by intraperitoneally injection of A. hydrophila JTP2 at a dose of LD70 (3.24x10 5 cells/fish). Antibody titers were observed before, after vaccination, and after challenge test. Observations of the survival rate, the relative percent survival, and the mean time of death were done for 14 days after infection. The result showed that the use of polyvalent vaccines increased the survival rate (P <0.05), 40.0-87.5% comparing with control (nonvaccinated), 13.3%. Vaccination also delayed the mean time of death of fishes (P <0,05). The most effective methods was intraperitoneally injection with the values of survival rate reached 87.5% with the relative percent survival level was 86.1%, and the mean time of death was 282 hours (12 days). However, vaccination was not affected on the fish growth rate.

Kata Kunci : A. hydrophila, Clarias sp., MAS, vaksin polivalen, vaksinasi