KELIMPAHAN FAUNA TANAH DALAM DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH GAMAL DI PETAK 5 HUTAN WANAGAMA 1 GUNUNG KIDUL

TAUFIK RAHMADI, Dr. Ir. Musyafa, M.Sc.

2013 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA HUTAN

Fauna tanah merupakan salah satu komponen ekosistem tanah yang memiliki peran penting dalam dekomposisi serasah Gamal. Peran fauna tanah dalam dekomposisi dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim dan kualitas bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui taksa dan kelimpahan fauna tanah, pengaruh perbedaan musim terhadap taksa dan kelimpahan fauna tanah, serta fauna tanah yang dominan dalam dekomposisi serasah Gamal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perbukitan karst yang memilki perbedaan musim yang jelas antara musim kemarau dengan musim hujan (studi kasus petak 5 Hutan Wanagama 1 Gunung Kidul). Pengumpulan fauna tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan litter bag berisi serasah Gamal (daun, batang, dan kulit buah) yang ditempatkan secara sistematis di lapangan dan menggunakan pit fall trap. Fauna tanah yang terkumpul di dalam litter bag diekstraksi dengan corong Barlesse-Tullgren. Semua fauna tanah yang ditemukan (baik di dalam litter bag maupun pit fall trap) diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi sampai tingkat ordo, kemudian dihitung jenis dan jumlahnya. Fauna tanah yang ditemukan di serasah Gamal pada musim hujan lebih banyak dan lebih bervariasi (6 klas, 12 ordo, dan rata-rata per litter bag 9,9 individu) dibandingkan pada musim kemarau (2 klas, 5 ordo, dan rata-rata per litter bag 0,6 individu). Musim hujan memiliki kelembaban (80%), suhu tanah (27º C), suhu udara (32,1º C), dan intensitas cahaya (366,33 Lx) yang lebih optimal dibandingkan musim kemarau (kelembaban 50,4%, suhu tanah 30º C, suhu udara 37,9º C, dan intensitas cahaya 2488,81 Lx), sehingga taksa pada musim hujan 2-3 kali lipat lebih banyak daripada musim kemarau dan kelimpahan fauna tanah pada musim hujan 10 kali lebih banyak daripada musim kemarau. Fauna tanah yang dominan ditemukan di serasah batang Gamal adalah ordo Isoptera (rayap) sedangkan di serasah daun dan kulit buah Gamal adalah ordo Isopoda (kutu kayu).

Soil fauna is one of the components of the soil ecosystem that has an important role in litter decomposition of Gamal. The role of soil fauna in decomposition is influenced by climate and quality of organic matter. This research aims to determine the taxa and abundance of soil fauna, the effect of seasonal differences on taxa and abundance of soil fauna, and which soil fauna that is dominant in litter decomposition of Gamal. The research was conducted in the karst hills that have a clear distinction between the dry and the wet seasons (study case of plot 5 Wanagama forest 1 Gunung Kidul). Collection of soil fauna was performed using litter bags containing litter of Gamal (leaf, trunk, and rind) that were systematically placed on the ground and using pit fall traps. Soil fauna that was collected in the litter bag was extracted with funnel Barlesse-Tullgren. All soil fauna found (either in the litter bag or pit fall traps) were identified based on morphology up to ordo level, then their types and amounts were counted. The soil fauna found in the Gamal litters during the rainy season were larger in amount and variety (6 classes, 12 orders, and an average of 9,9 individuals per litter bag) than during the dry season (2 classes, 5 orders, and average of 0,6 individuals per litter bag). The rainy season has humidity (80%), soil temperature (27º C), air temperature (32,1º C), and light intensity (366,33 Lx), which were more optimal than the dry season (50,4% moisture, soil temperature 30º C, air temperature 37,9º C, and light intensity 2488.81 Lx), so that taxa in the rainy season 2-3 times were larger than in the dry season and abundance of soil fauna in the rainy season 10 times were larger than in the dry season. The dominant soil fauna found in the Gamal trunk litters was the orde Isoptera (termites), while that was found in the Gamal leaf litters and Gamal rind litters was the ordo Isopoda (woodlice).

Kata Kunci : Taksa, kelimpahan fauna tanah, dekomposisi, gamal