PENGARUH EKSTRAK KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum) TERHADAP JUMLAH SARAF NITRERJIK PADA GIRUS DENTATUS TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)

RINA ASTRINI SETIYANINGSIH, drh. Dwi Liliek Kusindarta , M.P., Ph.D

2013 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Penurunan kemampuan kognitif seperti learning dan memory dewasa ini meningkat dan menyerang berbagai kalangan usia. Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang dipercaya dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif. Kemampuan kognitif diatur oleh hipokampus, secara struktural terdiri dari 3 area yakni girus dentatus, hipokampus proper, dan subikulum. Salah satu indikasi peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dapat ditinjau dari jumlah distribusi neurotransmitter pada hipokampus, salah satunya yaitu Nitric Oxide (NO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kemangi terhadap kemampuan kognitif ditinjau dari jumlah saraf nitrerjik pada area hipokampus terutama girus dentatus. Sembilan ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan usia 4 minggu digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ekstrak kemangi diberikan sehari satu kali secara per-oral selama 56 hari sebanyak 4 mg/kg berat badan. Tikus dianastesi menggunakan ketamine dan xylazin dengan dosis masing-masing 100 mg/kg BB dan 10 mg/kg BB, diperfusi secara intrakadial dengan larutan NaCl 0.9%, dilanjutkan dengan formalin 4% dalam PBS, hipokampus diambil setelah 2, 6, dan 8 minggu perlakuan untuk pembuatan preparat histologi dengan potong beku setebal 20 µm dan diwarnai dengan hematoxylin eosin dan Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d). Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungn saraf nitrerjik pada girus dentatus. Saraf nitrejik ditemukan pada lapisan granuler, molekuler, dan polimorfik girus dentatus. Persentase jumlah sel saraf nitrerjik pada 2, 6, 8 minggu pemberian ekstrak kemangi berturut-turut adalah 17,59%; 55,59%; 59,56%. Kemangi berpotensi meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori..

Degradation of cognitive abilities such as learning and memory has been progressively increasing and occurs in various age groups, not only in old age but also at the productive age. Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) which is a herb believed to be able to increase cognitive ability. Cognitive ability is controlled by the hippocampus, which is structurally made of 3 areas there are the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum. One indication of increasing in cognitive ability is evaluated by the distribution of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, mainly Nitric Oxide (NO). The aims of this research is to know the effects of Kemangi extract on cognitive ability by evaluating distribution of NO in the hippocampus area especially gyrus dentatus. Nine male rats (Rattus norvegicus) at 4 weeks of age were used in this research. The rats were given Kemangi extract per-oral daily with dosage of 4 ml/kg BW. The rats were anaesthesised with ketamine and xylazine (100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), perfused intracardial with 0.9% NaCl continued with 4% in PBS. The brain was taked out and processed for cryostat section 20µm thicknes, stainned with hematoxylin eosine and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) method, examined with light microscop. The number of nitrergic nerve cells body was reported descriptively. Nitrergic nerve cells body was found in all layer of dentatus gyrus, granuler, molecular and polymorphyc layer. The number of nitrergic nerve cells body were 17,59%; 55,59%; 59,56% for 2, 6, 12 wekks treatment, respectively. Holy basil has the potential to improve the learning and memory.

Kata Kunci : kemangi, hipokampus, girus dentatus, NADPH-d, nitric oxide