PERBEDAAN STATUS GIZI DAN KEPATUHAN KUNJUNGAN BALITA KE POSYANDU DI DAERAH PENERIMA DAN BUKAN PENERIMA BANTUAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH)

NURUL SETYANINGSIH, Siti Helmyati, DCN, M.Kes

2013 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah besar di Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah gizi pada anak. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi masalah ini, termasuk dengan melaksanakan Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) yang bernama Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Program ini telah dilakukan di beberapa kabupaten di Yogyakarta. Namun, evaluasinya belum dilakukan. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan kunjungan ke posyandu dan status gizi balita di daerah penerima PKH dengan daerah bukan penerima PKH. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional dan kualitatif dengan pendekatan phenomenology. Subyek penelitian adalah balita berusia 0-59 bulan yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu penerima PKH dan bukan penerima PKH, masing-masing sebanyak 45 orang. Variabel bebas adalah bantuan PKH dan variabel terikat adalah kepatuhan kunjungan ke posyandu serta status gizi anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa kuesioner, antara lain food recall 24 hours dan the short form of US food security survey modul. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 93% penerima PKH dan 78% bukan penerima PKH patuh datang ke posyandu. Berdasarkan uji statistik, terdapat perbedaan kepatuhan kunjungan ke posyandu antara daerah penerima PKH dan bukan penerima PKH (p=0,037), di mana balita penerima PKH lebih rajin ke posyandu. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan status gizi responden baik untuk indikator BB/U (p=0,143), TB/U (p=0,058), maupun BB/TB (p=0,614). Sebagian besar balita dalam kondisi status gizi normal (76% pada indikator BB/U, 73% pada indikator TB/U, dan 78% pada indikator BB/TB). Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan kepatuhan balita ke posyandu antara responden penerima PKH dan bukan penerima PKH. Akan tetapi, tidak ada perbedaan status gizi antara kedua kelompok.

Background: Poverty rate is very rampant in Indonesia. This has been considered for long time as the cause of childhood under nutrition. Several initiatives have been attempted by the government of Indonesia to deal with this problem, including the provision of CCT called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). This program has been launched in several districts in Yogyakarta, yet, evaluation is limited. . Objective: To compare attendance level to outreach clinic and nutritional status between recipient and non recipient of Indonesian CCT. Method: The type of this research was observational study with cross sectional design and qualitative design with phenomenological approach. The subjects were children aged 0-59 month that divided to two groups, recipients and non recipients of Indonesian CCT. There were 45 children in each group. The independent variable was PKH and the dependent variable were attendance level to outreach clinic and nutritional status of children. This research used questionnaire of food recall 24 hours and the short form of US food security survey module. It was also measured the weight and height of children. Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney test. Result: The result showed that 93% of recipient PKH and 78% of non recipient PKH attend to outreach clinic. Based on Mann Whitney test, there were statistical difference on the attendance level to outreach clinic between the two groups (p=0,037). However there was no difference in nutritional status of children in two groups using indicator weight for age (p=0,143), height for age (p=0,058), and weight for height (p=0,614). Most of them had normal nutrition status with indicator weight for age (76%), height for age (73%), and weight for height (78%). . Conclusion: There was a difference in attendance level to outreach clinic between recipient and non recipient of the Indonesian CCT. There was no difference in nutritional status between the two groups.

Kata Kunci : PKH/CCT, status gizi, balita, kehadiran ke posyandu, analisis perbandingan