HUBUNGAN POLA PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI (MP-ASI) DI DAERAH PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN DENGAN ASUPAN SODIUM PADA BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN

DISHA RORO RINI RAHAYU, dr. Pungky Ardhani, Sp.A (K)

2013 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antarapola pemberian MP-ASIdi daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan dengan asupan sodium padabayi. Metode : Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan renacangan penelitiancross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan di kabupaten Pacitan. Subyek penelitian berjumlah57 bayi yang berusia 6-12 bulan. Sampel diperoleh dengan cara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode 24 hours recalldan formulir pola pemberian MP-ASI yang diisi oleh ibu bayi. Asupan sodium dihitung untuk mengetahui kesesuaian asupan sodium bayi. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Kai kuadrat dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil : Mayoritas responden mengonsumsi MP-ASI sejak usia 6 bulan dengan jenis MP-ASI kombinasi. Sebesar 59,6% bayi mengalami kelebihan asupan sodium. Jumlah rata-rata asupan sodium adalah 840,8 mg (16,5 mg – 3321 mg). Kesimpulan : Jenis makanan pendamping ASI kombinasi berhubungan dengan asupan sodium bayi. Kelompok bayi yang mengonsumsi jenis MP-ASI kombinasi (tradisional dan komersial) cenderung mengalami kelebihan asupan sodium. Pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor perancu yang berhubungan dengan asupan sodium bayi. Latar Belakang : Asupan sodium masyarakat usia dewasa di dunia melebihi angka rekomendasi WHO (<85 mmol/hari). Asupan sodium yang berlebih tidak hanya terjadi pada orang dewasa, melainkan juga pada bayi. Kebutuhan maksimum sodium bayi usia 0-12 bulan adalah 400 mg/hari atau kurang dari 1 gram garam per hari. Saat bayi berusia 6 atau 7 bulan dan makan pendamping mulai dikenalkan maka asupan sodium meningkat secara drastis. Asupan sodium berlebihan pada bayi akan berimplikasi pada status kesehatan dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between infant’s feeding practices and sodium intake of 6-12 months-old-infants. Methode : We employed an observasional study with a cross-sectional design. The study was undertaken in urban and rural areas in Pacitan distric. The subjects were 57 of 6-12 months old infants. Purposive sampling methode was used.The amount of salt intake was estimated using 24 hours recall and a feeding practices quesionaire completed by their mothers. Chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted to establish if infant feeding practices was related to sodium intake. Result : Majority of infants were first introduced to solids in 6 months, with combination of traditional dan commercial foods. In the whole sample, 59,6% consumed sodium in excess. The lowest highest sodium intake was 16,5 mg and the highest was 3321 mg Conclusion : Association was found between the combinated complementary food and infant’s sodium intake. The group of infants who consume combinated complementary foods were more likely to be excess in sodium intake. Mother’s education level as the confounding factor was related to infant’s sodium intake. Background: Sodium intakes around the world of adult populations are well in excess of physiological need. WHO recommends that sodium intake of adults should be <85 mmol/day. This problem also happen in infants. Sodium requirement for infants is 400 mg/ day or less than 1 g of salt up to age 12 months. Once complementary food is being introduced to infants in the age of 6 to 7 months their sodium intake is dramatically increase. Too much sodium in infant’s diet can be harmful for infants in the short term and in the long term.

Kata Kunci : Asupan sodium, bayi, makanan pendamping ASI