Migrasi etnis Cina Bangka di Kota Bandar Lampung :: Bentuk solidaritas dan status ekonomi migran

SUDARMI, Prof.Dr. Ida Bagoes Mantra

2001 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana usaha migran etnis Cina Bangka sebagai golongan minoritas untuk dapat bertahan hidup dan meningkatkan status ekonomi rumah tangga di Bandar Lampung. Kajian ini menitikberatkan pada bentuk solidaritas dan usaha terhadap lingkungan yang pen& persaingan antar kelompok etnis yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode survai. Responden dalam penelitian adalah migran etnis Cina yang lahir di Pulau Bangka yang telah menetap lebih dari 5 tahun dan berkeluarga di Bandar Lampung. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ta'ml tunggal dan tabel silang serta Kai-Kuadrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses rnigasi berbeda berdasarkan lokasi daerah asal migran. Peranan kelompok etnik (migrah terdahulu) mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses adaptasi migran di kota tujuan. Rasa semangat kekeluargaan yang tinggi yang dimiliki migran etnis Cina Bangka yang didasari dengan rasa memiliki nenek moyang dan budaya yang sama untuk mempertaha&n kelangsungan hidup, menyebabkan m a solidaritas sesama migran sangat kuat. Chi khas solidaritas yang sangat menonjol dengan didasari rasa kekeluargaan, kepercayaan, koneksi, selain itu mereka selalu bekerja keras, ulet, disiplin, tekun, berani mengatnbil resiko, naluri mau maju, dan idedtas kelompok, sehingga mmka selalu unggul diantara kelompok etnik lainnya dalam bidang ekonomi. Strategi yang tepat dalam bersaing dengan memanfhatkan kelompok etnis, sehingga mmka selalu berhasil bersaing dalam kehidupan. Memanfaah keluarga sebagai unit ekonomi keluarga, diversiEicasi usaha,bantuan sanak saudara, teman, majikan.mem5erikan kontribusi yang b w i dalam menhgkatkan status ekonomi. Eubungm rnigran etnis Cina Bangka dcngan Ciaerah aal tetap terjalin dengan baik, disebabkan sosial budaya yang mengikat migran seperti ritual cengbeng dan mempererat keluarga besar (shiang).

This research is a study on the efforts made by the Chinese migrants of Bangka as minority community to survive and raise their economic status in Bandar hmpung. This study focuses on the forms of solidarity and how they cope with an environment marked by competition among the existing ethnic groups. This research adopts a survey method. Respondents for the research are the ethnic Chinese who were born in Bangka and have settled there for over five years with their families. The data are analyzed using single and cross-tabulation as well as Chi-square. The result of the research indicates that the process of migration varies according to the areas of the migrants’ native homes. The role of previous migrants within an ethnic group is extremely important in the process of adoption to the place of destination. The strong community spirit among the Chinese migrants of Bangka, which is based on the sense of belonging to the same ancestors and culture for the sake of their survival, makes their sense of solidarity with fellow migrants even stronger. The outstanding characteristics of their solidarity are community spiritlsense of fellowship, trust, and cultivation of connections. In addition, they are industrious, persevering, disciplined, persistent, willing to take risks, forward-looking and greatly concerned with a sense of group identity so that they are always superior to other ethnic groups in busbs/economic activity. They adopt the right strategies in competition by taking advantage of their ethnic solidarity so that they always succeed in life. They also make use of the family as an economic unit, diversification in doing business, assistance from relatives, friends, employers, all of which contribute significaiitly to their increased economic status. The ethnic Chinese of Bangka develop a good relationship with their places of origin because of the socio-cultural bonds that unite these migrants as manifested in rituals such as cengbeng and shiang.

Kata Kunci : Geografi Manusia,Migrasi Etnis Cina,Status Ekonomi, Migration of the Ethnic Chinese-Migrants’ Forms of Solidarity-Migrants’ Economic Status