PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) DALAM ULTRASONIC SCALER COOLANT WATER TERHADAP DAYA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Fusobacterium nucleatum ( kajian in vitro )

DIAN NOVITA NUGRAHENI, drg. Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti, M.Kes., Sp. Ort.

2013 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) diduga bersifat antibakteri. Fusobacterium nucleatum adalah salah satu bakteri penyebab periodontitis. Scaling merupakan prosedur paling mendasar dalam perawatan penyakit periodontal. Coolant water pada ultrasonic scaler dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penyalur bahan antibakteri yang dapat mengeliminasi bakteri patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) dalam ultrasonic scaler coolant water terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan Fusobacterium nucleatum (kajian in vitro). Sebanyak dua puluh satu tabung diinokulasikan Fusobacterium nucleatum dan disemprotkan minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) konsentrasi 0,08%, 0,16%, 0,32%, 0,64%, 1,28%, PEG 5% sebagai kontrol negatif, dan chlorhexidine gluconate 0,0034% sebagai kontrol positif dengan menggunakan ultrasonic scaler. Sampel ditanam pada media agar BHI dengan metode spread plate dan diinkubasi selama 48 jam. Koloni bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum yang terbentuk dihitung dan dilanjutkan analisis statistik. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata signifikan antara konsentrasi minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan Fusobacterium nucleatum (p<0,05). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata signifikan antara kelompok minyak atsiri konsentrasi 0,08%, 0,16%, 0,32%, 0,64%, dan 1,28% terhadap PEG 5% dan chlorhexidine gluconate 0,0034% (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan rerata yang tidak signifikan antara kelompok minyak atsiri konsentrasi 0,08% terhadap 0,16% dan konsentrasi 1,28% terhadap 0,32% dan 0,64% (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) dalam ultrasonic scaler coolant water berpengaruh terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Essential oil of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) assumed as antibacterial agent. Fusobacterium nucleatum known as one of bacteria which cause periodontitis. Scaling is a very basic procedure in periodontal treatment. Coolant water in ultrasonic scaler can be used as a distributional agent which can eliminate pathogen bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of essential oil of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) in ultrasonic scaler coolant water to inhibit the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro study). Twenty one tubes were inoculated with Fusobacterium nucleatum and sprayed with essential oil of clove bud in concentration of 0.08%, 0.16%, 0.32%, 0.64%, 1.28%, PEG 5% well as negative control, and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.0034% well as positive control by using ultrasonic scaler. The sample planted in the BHI agar medium with spread plate method. The BHI agar plates were incubated for 48 hours. Fusobacterium nucleatum colony were counted and were analyzed statistically. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant effect between mean of groups on the inhibition of Fusobacterium nucleatum growth (p<0.05). Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between mean of groups of essential oil concentration of 0.08%, 0.16%, 0.32%, 0.64%, and 1.28% with PEG 5% and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.0034% (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between mean of groups of essential oil concentration of 0.08% with 0.16% and concentration of 1.28% wtih 0.32% and 0.64% (p>0.05). It was concluded that essential oil concentration of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) in ultrasonic scaler coolat water has inhibition effect of the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Kata Kunci : Minyak atsiri, bunga cengkeh, ultrasonic scaler, coolant water, Fusobacterium nucleatum