PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BUAH SEMU JAMBU METE (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN KUMUR PADA PERTUMBUHAN STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

SHINTATIKA ERLAGISTA, Drg. Harsini, MS.

2013 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri penyebab utama timbulnya karies gigi,oleh karena itu menjadi target utama dalam mencegah terjadinya karies. Salah satu upaya pencegahan karies adalah penggunan bahan kumur antibakteri. Buah semu jambu mete mengandung beberapa senyawa kimia penting yang bersifat antibakteri, yaitu steroid , flavonoid, tanin, fenol, triterpenoid dan saponin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak buah semu jambu mete sebagai bahan kumur terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah semu jambu mete yang diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Media yang digunakan adalah MHA sebanyak 8 buah cawan petri diswabkan suspensi bakteri S.mutans dan dibuat 5 lubang sumuran dengan diameter 6mm.Tiap lubang sumuran ditetesi dengan ekstrak buah semu jambu mete sebanyak 50μl konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, 80%, dan 90% kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 370C selama 24 jam. Diameter zona hambat disekitar lubang sumuran diukur menggunakan jangka sorong dengan ketelitian 0,01mm. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA satu jalur dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata diameter zona hambat bakteri S.mutans setelah pemberian ekstrak buah semu jambu mete konsentrasi 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%, dan 90% berturut-turut 2,35 ± 0,055mm, 4,85 ± 0,055mm, 5,49 ± 0,145mm, 6,79 ± 0,072mm, 7,63 ± 0,144mm, 8,75 ± 0,084mm, 9,38 ± 0,05mm, dan 10,22 ± 0,053mm. Uji ANAVA satu jalur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah semu jambu mete berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans (p<0,05). Hasil LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada semua kelompok perlakuan(p<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak buah semu jambu mete sebagai bahan kumur berpengaruh terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan S.mutans.

Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of dental caries, the bacteria is therefore a major target in preventing caries. One of caries prevention is the using of antibacterial mouthwash. Cashew apple contains several artificial chemical compounds that are antibacterial agent, such as steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids and sapoin. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of cashew apple extract as mouthwash ingredient to the growth of S. mutans bacteria. This study used extract of cashew apples which were extracted by using maceration method . MHA Media as much as 8 petri cups were smeared with S. mutans bacterial suspension was made 5 holes and wells with a diameter of 6mm. Every hole dripped with cashew apple extract as much as 50μl with 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% concentration then incubated at 37ºC during 24 hours. Inhibitory diameter zone around the hole wells was measured by using vernier caliper with 0,01mm accuracy. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed mean and standard deviation of S. mutans bacteria inhibitory diameter zone with 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, dan 90% concentration cashew apple were 2,35 ± 0,055mm, 4,85 ± 0,055mm, 5,49 ± 0,145mm, 6,79 ± 0,072mm, 7,63 ± 0,144mm, 8,75 ± 0,084mm, 9,38 ± 0,05mm, and 10,22 ± 0,053mm. One way ANOVA test showed that that extract of cashew apple had effect toward the growth of S.mutans (p<0,05). LSD result showed significant difference from all of treatment groups(p<0,05). The conclusion of this study is cashew apple as mouthwash substance has effect cashew apple had effect toward the capacity of inhibitory the growth of S.mutans.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak buah semu jambu mete, Bahan kumur, Streptococcus mutans