PENGARUH MADU Apis mellifera TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL (Kajian in vitro pada Fusobacterium nucleatum)

ADHE SUSANTI, drg. Suryono, SH., Ph.D.

2013 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit inflamatori pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang disebabkan adanya pembentukan plak dengan keterlibatan bakteri periodontopatogenik seperti Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, dan lain-lain. Pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit periodontal diawali dengan menghilangkan plak dan mengurangi bakteri periodontopatogenik dengan menggunakan produk obat kumur, pasta gigi, maupun larutan irigasi. Salah satu senyawa antibakteri alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar obat kumur maupun larutan irigasi adalah madu. Madu telah banyak diteliti dan diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif, baik aerob maupun anaerob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh madu Apis mellifera terhadap bakteri penyebab penyakit periodontal kajian in vitro pada Fusobacterium nucleatum. Aktivitas antibakteri madu Apis mellifera diuji dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Madu diencerkan mencapai konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40%, dan 50% kemudian diujikan pada Fusobacterium nucleatum. Akuades steril dan chlorhexidine digunakan sebagai kontrol. Fusobacterium nucleatum dibiakkan di media Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) dan diinkubasi bersama larutan madu Apis mellifera pada suhu 37o C selama 24 jam. Aktivitas antibakteri dilihat dari zona hambatan yang terbentuk di sekeliling sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya zona hambatan pada larutan madu konsentrasi 30%, 40%, dan 50%, namun tidak terbentuk zona hambatan pada konsentrasi 20%. Data diameter zona hambatan yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann- Whitney dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 5%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah madu Apis mellifera konsentrasi 30%, 40% dan 50% berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan Fusobacterium nucleatum yang menyebabkan penyakit periodontal.

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by the formation of plaque with involvement of periodontopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and others. Prevention and treatment of periodontal disease are began by eliminating the bacterial plaque and reducing the periodontopathogenic bacteria using the antibacterial product such as mouthwash, toothpaste, and irrigation solutions. One of alternative antibacterial compounds that can be used as a base material of mouthwash or irrigation solution is honey. Honey has been extensively researched and known to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic. This study aimed to examine the effect of Apis mellifera honey against bacteria that cause periodontal disease, in vitro studies on Fusobacterium nucleatum. The antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera’s honey was tested by using well diffusion method. Honey was diluted to reach concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% and tested against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Sterile distilled water and Chlorhexidine were used as control. Fusobacterium nucleatum were cultured in Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) and incubated with Apis mellifera’shoney for 24 hours at 37o C. The antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera’s honey were seen from the inhibition zone that formed around the wells. The results showed that there were the formation of inhibition zone on concentration of 30%, 40%, and 50%, but no inhibition zone formed at a concentration of 20%. The data of the inhibition zone diameters were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test followed by Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. The conclusion of this study is the Apis mellifera’s honey concentration of 30%, 40% and 50% were able to inhibit the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum that causes periodontal disease.

Kata Kunci : penyakit periodontal, madu, aktivitas antibakteri, Fusobacterium nucleatum