Pendidikan kesehatan melalui metode ceramah dan konseling kelompok dengan media pendukung poster pada pekerja pengasap ikan sebagai upaya pencegahan Ispa di Semarang

SUDIYONO, dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, MSc.,DLSHtm.,DComNTR

2001 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas pendidikaii kesehatan yang dilakukan melalui metode ceramah yang didukung media poster dengan metode konseling yang didukung pula dengan media poster untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pekerja pengasap ikan dalarn upaya mencegah penyakit ISPA di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Qimie. rperimerttu1 dengan rancangan Nonequrvulent Corttrol Group De.cign With pre test und posi-test- Sebanyak 60 subjek penelltian di~ihh berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok yaitu 30 orang pekerja (kelompok perlakuan) diberjkan metode ceramah poster dan 30 orang lainnya (kelompok kontrol) mendapatkan metode konseling poster. Analisis data menggunakan purr /-test dan McNernar test memperlihatkan hasil bahwa, 1) kedua metode baik metode ceramah poster dan konseling poster dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap pekerja pengasap ikan dalam mencegah ISPA, 2) metode konseling poster dapat menunjukkan perubahan perilaku pekerja dalam mencegah ISPA, 3) metode ceramah poster tidak dapat menunjukkan perubahan perilaku pekerja pengasap ikan dalam mencegah ISPA. Uji efektifitas kedua metode djlakukan dengan menggunakan independent ftest dan Clzr-Square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh yang dihasilkan antara kedua metode pendidikan kesehatan &lam mempengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pekerja pengasap ikan dalam rnencegah ISPA. Hail ini sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode mempunyai pengaruh yang sama dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pekerja pengasap ikan dalam mencegah penyakit ISPA.

This research was airned to investigate the difference of health education effectiveness that was done through speech method which was supported by poster and through group counseling method which was supported by poster in order to improve knowledge, attitude and behavior of fish fumigation worker in effort of ARI prevention in Semarang. It was Quasi experimental with Nonequivalent Control Group Design with Pre Test and Post test. There were 60 subjects was chosen that based on inclusion criteria which divided into two goup, 30 worker (treatment group) whose given poster speech method and other worker (control group) whose given poster counseling method. The result or data analysis, which was using pair t-test and McNemar test, showed that, 1) poster speech method poster counseling method could improve the knowledge, attitude of fish fumigation worker in preventing of ARI, 2) poster counseling method could showed the behavior changes of fish fumigation worker in preventing of ARI and 3) poster speech method could not showed the behavior changes of fish fumigation worker in preventing ARI. Effectiveness test of both method which was done by using independent ttest and Chi-square test showed that there was no difference of influence between both health education methods in influencing knowledge, attitude and behavior of fish fumigation worker in preventing of ARI. Indeed, the result showed that both had similar influence in improving knowledge, attitude and behavior of fish fumigation worker in prevention of ARE disease.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Pekerja Pengasap Ikan, Pencegahan ISPA, Metode Pendidikan, Health, Education, counseling, fish, ARI.