IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR PENDEGRADASI LIMBAH MINYAK BUMI YANG MAMPU BERASOSIASI MEMBENTUK CO-CULTURE DENGAN BAKTERI

JULIA ANGGUN PRATIWI, Ir. Irfan D. Prijambada, M.Eng., Ph.D.

2013 | Skripsi | MIKROBIOLOGI PERTANIAN

Tumpahan minyak bumi ke lingkungan dapat menyebabkan gangguan terhadap keseimbangan ekosistem di sekitarnya. Kontaminasi minyak bumi dapat ditanggulangi secara alami melalui proses biodegradasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, telah diperoleh tiga isolat jamur yang mampu mendegradasi minyak bumi dan mampu membentuk co-culture dengan bakteri. Co-culture yang terbentuk dapat berupa biofilm maupun bukan biofilm. Kemampuan degradasi jamur lebih tinggi dalam bentuk co-culture. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi isolat jamur tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, diamati koloni jamur secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis kemudian didukung dengan penentuan urutan nukleotida dari Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1), gen penyandi 5,8S rRNA, dan ITS2 jamur tersebut. Berdasarkan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis serta identifikasi secara molekuler, isolat jamur dengan kode JM1, JG, JR4 berturut-turut dinyatakan sebagai Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., dan Eupenicillium javanicum.

Spills of petroleum hydrocarbons into environment may cause a disturbance to the balance of the surrounding ecosystem. Petroleum contamination can be treated naturally by means of biodegradation. In our previous studies, we have obtained three fungal isolates which were able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon and to form a co-culture with bacteria. The co-culture may or may not form a biofilm. The degradation ability of the co-cultures is higher than its respective components. This study is carried out to identify the isolated fungi. In this study, macroscopic and microscopic fungal colonies were observed. Identification was then ascertained by the determination of nucleotide sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1), the gene encoding 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 of the fungal isolates. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic observation as well as the molecular identification, JM1, JG, and JR4 were designated as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Eupenicillium javanicum, respectively.

Kata Kunci : jamur, co-culture, biodegradasi, minyak bumi, identifikasi