KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN, PENGAWASAN DAN SANITASI AIR PADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KABUPATEN KUPANG
Agustin R Kamlasi, Prof. DR.KRT Adi Heru Sutomo,M.Sc., ; Dra. Susi Iravati,Apt.,Ph.D.,
2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang. Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Kupang merupakan suatu lembaga teknis yang memberikan jasa pelayanan untuk masyarakat umum di bidang air minum, dengan tugas pokok melakukan pengelolaan air untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat (mencakup aspek sosial, kesehatan dan pelayanan umum). Pengawasan kualitas air minum secara berkala, adalah amanat Kepmenkes No.736/Menkes/PER/VI/2010 tentang Tata Laksana Pengawasan Kualitas Air Minum. Dalam bulan Oktober tahun 2011, terjadi sekitar 100 lebih kasus diare, sedangkan total penderita diare tahun 2011 sebanyak 8404 kasus. Diduga kuat, pengawasan kualitas air belum dilakukan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku, sehingga menarik untuk mengkaji “Bagaimana Pengelolaan, Pengawasan dan Sanitasi Air pada PDAM Kabupaten Kupang†Tujuan Penelitian. Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengelolaan, pengawasan, dan sanitasi air PDAM Kabupaten Kupang. Metode Penelitian. Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode kualitatif, informan dipilih secara nonprobability dengan teknik purposive. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, studi kepustakaan dan dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan metode Miles and Huberman. Kualitas air dianalisis secara deskriptif sesuai Kepmenkes Nomor. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur pengolahan (treatment) air PDAM Kabupaten Kupang belum ditegakkan menurut prosedur semestinya sehingga kadang atau di beberapa tempat mengandung bakteri Koliform dan Ecoli. Proses klorinasi belum semestinya baik dalam arti dosis maupun jadwal pembubuhan kaporit. Kebocoran yang sering terjadi dan jadwal distribusi yang tidak sesuai jadwal menyebabkan kontaminasi. Sanitasi sumber dan penampungan air juga belum dilakukan sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku baik oleh pihak PDAM maupun koordinasi dengan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kupang. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan pengawasan kualitas air secara internal maupun secara eksternal belum dilakukan semestinya. Secara keseluruhan, koordinasi lintas sektoral dalam arti di antara stakeholder sistem pelayanan air minum dan di antara fungsi pengawasan kualitas air, belum berjalan semestinya. Kesimpulan: Prosedur pengolahan air PDAM Kabupaten Kupang, Pengawasan kualitas air secara internal maupun secara eksternal belum dilakukan semestinya. Koordinasi lintas sektoral dalam arti diantara stakeholder sistem pelayanan air minum dan di antara fungsi pengawasan kualitas air, belum berjalan mestinya.
Background. Drinking Water Regional Company /PDAM of Kupang Regency is one of technical agency that provide service for the public in drinking water, with their main task is managing the water to increase the public welfare (include social, health and public service aspects). Water quality surveillance periodically, is the mandate of Kepmenkes No.736/Menkes/PER/VI/2010 on procedure of drinking water quality surveillance. In October 2011, there was about 100 diarrhea incidences, whereas the total of diarrhea sufferer in 2011 was 8404 incidences, Information from Health Office of Kupang Municipality stated that several dig wells owned by the citizen in Oesapa village contain Ecoli bacteria. It was suspected strongly that the water quality surveillance was not performed appropriately to the regulation yet, thus it is interesting to study on “How the management, surveillance and sanitation of the water in PDAM of Kupang Regency†Objectives. To knowing the implementation of management, surveillance and sanitation of water in PDAM of Kupang Regency. Methods. This was descriptive study used qualitative method, informant in this study was selected by nonprobability way by purposive technique. Data was collected by in depth interview, observation, literature review and document. Data was analyzed by Miles and Huberman methods. Results: The result of study showed that the procedure of water treatment in PDAM of Kupang Regency was not established according to the appropriate procedure yet so sometime or in several locations contain Coliform and E-coli, that showed that the chlorination process was not appropriately yet both in dosage term and schedule (was only partial treatment). The leakages that was often occurred and channeling schedule that was not appropriate to the schedule yet caused contamination. Sanitation of the water source (water spring) and reservoir was also not performed appropriate to the regulation both by PDAM and coordination with Health Office of Kupang Regency. Therefore it can be said that the water quality surveillance internally and externally was not performed appropriately yet. In general, cross sectoral coordination across the stakeholders of drinking water service system and across water quality function, was not run appropriately yet. Conclusion: The procedure of water treatment in PDAM of Kupang Regency was not performed appropriately yet. The surveillance of water quality both internally and externally was not performed appropriately yet. Cross sectoral coordination in the term of across stakeholders of drinking water service system and across water quality surveillance function, was not performed appropriately yet.
Kata Kunci : Kualitas, Pengawasan, Sanitasi, Pengolahan
