ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI VIRUS INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE DENGAN UJI AGAR GEL PRESIPITASI

RADHIYAN FADIAR SAHISTYA, Dr. drh. M. Haryadi Wibowo, MP.

2013 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

IBD biasa disebut dengan penyakit Gumboro, merupakan salah satu penyakit viral akut, dan penyakit lymphoid yang sangat ganas pada ayam muda yang disebabkan oleh virus dsRNA. Meskipun virus IBD dapat diisolasi dari berbagai spesies unggas, namun kebanyakan kasus dilaporkan hanya pada ayam. Penyakit ini ditemukan hampir di setiap daerah peternakan ayam intensif di seluruh dunia dan menyebabkan terjadinya kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar pada industri perunggasan. Pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit secara serius diperlukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Isolasi dan indentifikasi agen penyakit secara pasti yang dilakukan di laboratorium dapat memberikan informasi penting untuk pengendalian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya infeksi virus IBD pada beberapa peternakan di Yogyakarta. Konfirmasi virus dilakukan dengan uji AGP. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 sampel bursa fabrisius ayam terdiagnosa IBD. Sampel diinokulasikan pada TAB umur 11 hari melalui rute CAM. Embrio diamati dari kematian pada embrio dan lesi yang terbentuk, lalu dikomparasikan dengan sample kontrol. Teramati adanya hemoraghi ringan pada CAM MHW/Bro/2011, lesi pox ringan pada CAM MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010, dan tidak teramati adanya perubahan pada sampel CAM lainnya. Pada embrio teramati adanya kongesti kutan, hemoraghi ringan pada serebral dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan bulu pada sampel MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011, MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010, MHW/Bro/2011, and MHW/Bro/2012. Pada sampel embrio MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011 and MHW/Bro/2011 teramati adanya hemorrhages pada persendian jari kaki. Konfirmasi virus menggunakan uji AGP dengan sampel asal gerusan embrio dan CAM. Sampel dinyatakan positif jika terlihat adanya presipitasi dalam waktu kurang dari 24-48 jam inkubasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 5 sampel yang telah dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol dan dikonfirmasi dengan uji AGP, sampel (1) MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011, (2) MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010, (3) MHW/Bro/2011, and (4) MHW/Bro/2012 positif terinfeksi IBD, sedangkan sampel (1) IBD Potrowang negatif terinfeksi IBD. Presipitasi teramati pada sampel asal CAM, dan pada sampel asal embrio tidak teramati adanya presipitasi.

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is frequently referred to as Gumboro, is one of acute viral disease, and highly infectious lymphocidal disease of young chickens caused by a double stranded RNA virus. Although IBDV has been isolated from other avian spesies, but the disease is currently recognized in the chicken only. This disease is most of these found in intensive poultry areas in every country and causes economic decrease. Prevention and handling are seriously needed to solve this problem. Isolation and identification of the disease agent certainly conducted in laboratory could give important information to control this disease. This research aimed to find infection of IBD in some poultries in Yogyakarta. The virus was confirmed by Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). This research used 5 IBD-diagnosed chicken bursal fabrisius samples. The samples was inoculated into 11 day old embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Embryos were monitored for mortality and lesions, then compared with the control sample. While moderate to mild hemorrhaghi were present on the CAM in MHW/Bro/2011, moderate pox were present on the CAM MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010 and other sample no lesions were observed. Embryos were observed congestion on the cutan, moderate hemorrhages on the cerebral, and delayed feathering in MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011, MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010, MHW/Bro/2011, and MHW/Bro/2012. In the MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011 and MHW/Bro/2011 were observed hemorrhages on the toe joint. The virus comfirmed by AGPT with samples from cropped embryo and CAM. Samples was concluded positive if showed precipitation reaction at least after 24-48 hours of incubation. Result of research showed that 5 local samples which compared with control samples and confirmed by AGPT, sample (1) MHW/Yanti-Layer/2011, (2) MHW/SR-WN-Layer/2010, (3) MHW/Bro/2011, and (4) MHW/Bro/2012 are positif infected IBD, but sample (1) IBD Potrowang is negative infected IBD. Presipitation were observed from CAM sample, and no presipitation were observed from embryos sample.

Kata Kunci : Infectious Bursal Disease, Uji Agar Gel Presipitasi, Telur Ayam Berembrio, Bursa Fabrisius