PERBEDAAN SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI KELOMPOK KOKOBASIL DARI SUSU KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA (PE) TERHADAP BEBERAPA ANTIBIOTIKA

LUSIANA SABINARIA SIHOTANG, Dr. drh.Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni, M.Si.

2013 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Perkembangan peternakan kambing dan susu kambing di Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir meningkat, salah satunya kambing Peranakan Ettawa (PE). Kasus mastitis merupakan kendala utama untuk menghasilkan produksi susu yang maksimal. Salah satu kelompok bakteri penyebab mastitis adalah kokobasil Gram negatif. Pengobatan menggunakan antibiotika merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan di lapangan. Namun, penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak sesuai dosis dan aturan dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan sensitivitas bakteri kokobasil Gram negatif dari susu kambing PE terhadap ampisilin, kloramfenikol, gentamisin, dan eritromisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima jenis isolat bakteri yang terdiri dari Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, dan Serratia marcescens yang diisolasi dari susu kambing PE di peternakan kambing PE Kalasan, Yogyakarta. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan metode diskdiffusion menurut Kirby-Bauer. Suspensi bakteri (jumlah bakteri setara dengan 24 x 108 CFU/ml) dalam Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) diapuskan secara merata menggunakan kapas steril pada permukaan Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA). Disk antibiotika ampisilin, kloramfenikol, gentamisin dan eritromisin diletakkan pada permukaan media MHA dan diinkubasi selama 16-18 jam pada suhu 35ËšC. Diameter zona terang yang terbentuk di sekeliling disk antibiotika diukur kemudian dibandingkan dengan tabel standar Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan sensitivitas bakteri kelompok kokobasil Gram-negatif. Escherichia coli sensitif terhadap ampisilin, kloramfenikol, eritromisin, dan gentamisin. Klebsiella oxytoca sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, intermediet terhadap gentamisin dan resisten terhadap ampisilin dan eritromisin. Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, dan resisten terhadap ampisilin, eritromisin dan gentamisin. Citrobacter freundii sensitif terhadap ampisilin dan kloramfenikol, intermediet terhadap gentamisin dan resisten terhadap eritromisin. Serratia marcescens sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, intermediet terhadap ampisilin dan gentamisin, serta resisten terhadap eritromisin. Semua bakteri kelompok kokobasil Gram-negatif sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol dan hampir semua bakteri kelompok kokobasil Gramnegatif resisten terhadap eritromisin.

The development on goat farm and dairy in Indonesia for the last few years tend to be increasing, one of them is the Ettawa Crossbreed (PE). The mastitis case is one of the main issues in maximizing milk production. One of the bacteria groups causing mastitis is the gram-negative coccobacilli. Treatment using antibiotics is one of the methods applied in the field. However, antibiotics with inappropriate dosage and usage can cause bacteria resistance. This research aims to investigate the sensitivity difference of gram-negative coccobacilli from PE milk on ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and erythromycin. This research utilized five types of bacteria isolates which consist of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia marcescens which were isolated from Ettawa Crossbreed milk at Kalasan PE farm, Yogyakarta. The sensitivity test was conducted through diskdiffusion method by Kirby-Bauer. The bacteria suspension (the amount of bacteria is 24x108 CFU/ml) in BHI was eliminated evenly with sterilized cotton on Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA). Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and erythromycin antibiotic disks were placed on the surface of MHA medium and incubated for 16-18 hours at 35° Celsius. The light zones formed around the antibiotics disks were then measured and compared with Kirby-Bauer standard table. The research result indicates that there are differences in sensitivity on gram-negative coccobassilli group. Escherichia coli are sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and erythromycin. Klebsiella oxytoca are sensitive to chloramphenicol, intermediate to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae are sensitive to chloramphenicol, and resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. Citrobacter freundii are sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, intermediate to gentamicin and resistant to erythromycin. Serratia marcescens are sensitive to chloramphenicol, intermediate sensitive to ampicillin and gentamicin, and resistant to erythromycin. All gram-negative coccobacilli group bacteria are sensitive to chloramphenicol and almost all gram-negative coccobacilli group bacteria are resistant to erythromycin.

Kata Kunci : sensitivitas, antibiotik, kokobasil, kambing PE