PERBANDINGAN INFEKSI DAN MORFOLOGI Ascaridia galli PADA AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus gallus domesticus) dan BURUNG MERPATI (Columba livia)

NUR IMAM FAUZI, drh. Ana Sahara, M.Si

2013 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Ayam kampung dan burung merpati merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani. Infeksi cacing Ascaridia galli merupakan salah satu penyebab terhambatnya pertumbuhan ayam kampung maupun burung merpati dan menimbulkan kerugian pada peternak. Populasi ayam kampung di Indonesia lebih banyak daripada merpati sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan morfologi Ascaridia galli pada hospes yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi Ascaridia galli pada merpati dan ayam kampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor burung merpati dan 10 organ pencernaan ayam kampung. Burung merpati didapat dari Pasar Satwa dan Tanaman Hias Yogyakarta (PASTY) dan organ pencernaan ayam kampung dari Pasar Terban. Merpati dikorbankan dengan cara diemboli intrakardia. Nekropsi dilakukan untuk mengeluarkan saluran pencernaan mulai dari esophagus hingga kloaka. Cacing nematoda yang ditemukan kemudian dicuci dengan aquades lalu dimasukkan kedalam alkohol 70% kemudian direndam didalam lactophenol selama 24 jam. Setelah 24 jam, cacing diamati dibawah mikroskop binokuler. Cacing Ascaridia galli yang ditemukan dihitung jumlahnya dan diambil 5 ekor cacing untuk diukur panjangnya. Skema morfologi cacing dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop lucida. Identifikasi morfologi cacing nematoda berdasarkan identifikasi Yazwinski dan kunci determinasi Kajerova. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan identifikasi Yazwinski dan kunci determinasi Kajerova, cacing yang diperoleh dari burung merpati dan ayam adalah cacing Ascaridia galli. Presentase merpati yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli sebesar 6% infeksi tunggal, dan 29% infeksi ganda Ascaridia galli dan Raillientina sp. Sedangkan ayam kampung sebesar 30% infeksi tunggal dan 20% infeksi ganda Ascaridia galli dan Raillientina sp. Cacing memiliki ciri esofagus tanpa bulbus posterior, cacing jantan memiliki ekor yang pendek dan spikula tanpa alae. Panjang cacing Ascaridia galli yang didapat dari ayam kampung adalah jantan 4,2-7,2 cm betina 3,3-11 cm, sedangkan dari merpati jantan 2,3-4,3 dan betina 3,9-5,1 cm. Perbandingan panjang cacing hasil pengukuran menunjukkan panjang cacing Ascaridia galli yang didapatkan dari burung merpati lebih pendek daripada ayam kampung.

Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and pigeon (Columba livia) known as the source of animal protein. Ascaridia galli worm infection is one of the growth inhibiting factors on both of these species. Due to the fact that domestic chicken has a higher number in population compare to pigeon population, the writer found it would be necessary to identify the differences of Acaridia galli morphology that lives in Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and pigeon (Columba livia). The aim of this study was to identify the morphology of Ascaridia galli that found on domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and pigeon (Columba livia). Sixteen pigeons and ten digestive tracts of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used in this study. Pigeons were obtained from Pasar Satwa dan Tanaman Hias Yogyakarta (PASTY) while the digestive organs of domestic chicken were obtained from Pasar Terban. Pigeons were slaughtered using intra cardiac embolism method. Necropsy was done to remove the digestive tract from esophagus to cloaca. Worm isolation was done by opening the digestive tract up. Nematodes that found then washed using distilled water and then put into 70% alcohol lactophenol for 24 hours. The nematodes were observed under a binocular microscope. Morphology identification of the nematodes was conducted based on identification Yazwinski and determination key of Kajerova. Based on identification Yazwinski and determination key of Kajerova, nematodes that found on domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and pigeons (Columba livia) are Ascaridia galli worms. The percentage of pigeons that infected by Ascaridia galli is 6% single infection, and 29% double infection Ascaridia galli and Raillientina sp. The percentage in domestic chicken is 30% single infection and 20% double infection Ascaridia galli and Raillientina sp. Woms have characteristic esophagus without posterior bulb, short tail with caudal alae, and spicula without alae. Length of Ascaridia galli which obtained from domestic chicken is male 4,2 to 7,2 cm female 3,3-11 cm and worms are obtained from pigeon has length 2,3 to 4,3 for male and 3,9 to 5,1 for female. The result of comparison between worms were obtained from domestic chicken and pigeons show that Ascaridia galli length from pigeon is shorter than domestic chiken.

Kata Kunci : Ascaridia galli, Merpati, Ayam kampung