GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI FORMASI HIPOKAMPUS KALONG KAPAUK (Pteropus vampyrus)

ATTA HIDA SARASSANTI, Dr.drh. Teguh Budi Pitojo, MP.,Ph.D

2013 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, salah satunya adalah kalong kapauk (Pteropus vampyrus), yang termasuk dalam kelompok mamalia terbang dengan populasi cukup di alam (CITES, Appendix II). Menarik untuk diteliti bagaimana struktur histologi formasi hipokampus kalong kapauk terkait perannya dalam pengaturan tingkah laku pencarian makan, memori, dan pembelajaran, apakah ada kemiripan dengan mamalia domestik lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur histologi formasi hipokampus kalong kapauk, agar dapat melengkapi informasi anatomi satwa liar Indonesia. Lima kalong kapauk dari Jawa Tengah digunakan sebagai sampel. Otak dipotong secara koronal pada area formasi hipokampus kemudian diblok parafin dan dipotong dengan ketebalan 12 μm selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan histokimia dengan cresyl echt violet. Hasil pewarnaan diamati dengan mikroskop cahaya untuk melihat area-area penyusun formasi hipokampus, morfologi, diameter, dan kepadatan neuron. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Formasi hipokampus kalong kapauk memiliki tiga bagian yaitu head, body, dan tail yang tersusun atas girus dentatus, hipokampus proper, dan subikulum. Neuron pada girus dentatus berbentuk multipolar berukuran kecil dengan diameter 6,42±1,95 μm dan kepadatan 35,06±7,28 sel/3857 μm2. Stratum piramidal hipokampus proper terbagi atas area cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2, dan CA3 dengan diameter sel piramidal berturut-turut 8,32±1,36 μm, 9,87±0,99 μm, dan 9,84±1,12 μm, serta kepadatan sel 17,07±3,47 sel/7660 μm2, 20±3,14 sel/7660 μm2, dan 18,07±3,24 sel/7660 μm2. Subikulum tersusun atas sel piramidal yang terbagi atas lapisan dalam dan lapisan luar dengan diameter sel berturut-turut 8,26±1,04 μm, dan 8,02±0,77 μm serta kepadatan sel 29,22±1,30 sel/51106 μm2 dan 35,44±3,24 sel/51106 μm2. Menurut Hagan (2012), pada anjing terdapat area tambahan yaitu area CA4 yang terletak berdekatan dengan girus dentatus. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah formasi hipokampus kalong kapauk mirip dengan mamalia lain, yaitu tersusun atas girus dentatus, hipokampus proper, dan subikulum, tetapi kalong kapauk hanya memiliki tiga area hipokampus proper yaitu CA1, CA2, dan CA3, tidak seperti anjing yang memiliki area CA4.

Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity, one of them is Pteropus vampyrus, also known as kalong kapauk. Kalong kapauk is a wild animal that is categorized as flying mammals with sufficient population in the wild (CITES, Appendix II). It is interesting to studies how kalong kapauk hippocampal formation histology structure as its function in foraging strategy using their memory and learning proccess, is there any similarity with other domestic mammals. The goal of this research is to understand kalong kapauk’s histology structure of hippocampal formation, thus completing Indonesia's wild life anatomy information. Five kalong kapauks from Central Java were used as sample. The brains were cut coronally at the hippocampal formation area and then were blocked using paraffin and sliced in 12 μm thickness and then staining using cresyl echt violet. The histological tissues were examined by microscope to see hippocampal formation include areas, morphology, diameter, and neuron density. The result data was analyzed desciptivelly. Kalong kapauk’s hippocampal formation has three parts which are head, body, and tail that was composed on dentate girus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum. Neurons at dentate gyrus are small in size and multipolar in shape with 6,42±1,95 μm in diameter and 35,06±7,28 cells/3857 μm2 in density. The hippocampal proper of piramidal stratum are composed of pyramidal cells and deviced into cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2, and CA3. The diameter and density of CA1, CA2, and CA3 are respectivelly 8,32±1,36 μm, 9,87±0,99 μm, and 9,84±1,12 μm; 17,07±3,47 cells/7660 μm2, 20±3,14 cells/7660 μm2, and 18,07±3,24 cells/7660 μm2. Subiculum consist of piramidal cells that are divided into inner and outer layer with cell diameter of 8,26±1,04 μm, and 8,02±0,77 μm and cell density of 29,22±1,30 cells/51106 μm2 dan 35,44±3,24 cells/51106 μm2. According to Hagan (2012), there is an additional CA4 area in dogs that is located near the dentate girus. The conclusion of this research is kalong kapauk’s hippocampal formation is similar with the other mammals, which consist of dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, but kalong kapauk has only three hippocampus proper area which are CA1, CA2, and CA3, different with dog that has CA4 area.

Kata Kunci : kalong kapauk, cresyl violet, formasi hipokampus