LARVACIDAL EFFECT OF Annona muricata LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST Aedes aegypti

PRIYANI U.G. SYRIL, drh. Ana Sahara, M.Si.

2014 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Nyamuk sebagai vektor berbagai penyakit ke manusia seperti demam dengue heamorragic, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, dan Yellow Fever yang menyebabkan banyak kematian. Dengue dapat terjadi sebagai demam dengue atau demam dengue berdarah. Dengue disebabkan oleh virus yang ditransmisi oleh nyamuk A.aegypti. Annona muricata (A.muricata) adalah tanaman yang tergolong dalam famalia Annonaceae. Annona muricata pernah dilaporkan digunakan sebagai insektisidal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek dan dosis ekstrak air daun Annona muricata sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air daun dari Annona Muricata dan larva Aedes aegypti. Sebanyak 675 larva instar ketiga Aedes aegypti dibagi ke dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan, masing masing kelompok terdiri dari 75 larva, terbagi 3 kelompok ulangan yang terdiri dari 25 larva. Setiap kelompok perlakuan mempunyai dosis sendiri (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 ppm) selama 24 jam dalam kondisi labratori standar. Data yang dianalisis dengang uji anova menunjukkan siknifikasi besar antara Fhitung > Ftabel (25.138>15.507). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji probit dengan tingkat kesalahan á=0,05. LC50 ekstrak daun Annona Muricata’s adalah 101.662ppm. Ekstrak daun Annona muricata mempunyai aktiviti larvasidal terhadap Aedes aegypti dalam lingkungang labratori. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukkan peningkatan linear dalam kematian larva dari hasil graph probit.

Mosquitoes transmit human diseases like dengue haemorrhagic fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and Yellow Fever causing lots of deaths every year. Dengue occurs as dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF). It is caused by a virus and tranmitted by Aedes .aegypti (A.aegypty) mosquito. Synthetic pesticide application dealing with A. aegypti population was redundant and caused negative impact, such as environmental pollution and A. aegypti resistancy. Annona muricata is a plant which belongs to the family Annonaceae. Annona muricata had been reported to be used as an insecticidal before, the investigation that is to be done is therefore designed to prove the effects of water based extract of A. muricata leaves specifically against Aedes aegypti. The aim this research is to develop Annona muricata leaves as larvacidal against Aedes aegypti and to know the dosage of the anti larvacidal activity of water based extract from Annona muricata leaves against Aedes aegypti.. These leaves are heated to evaporate, then grinded to powderish form. This reasearch was conducted with nine treatments and three replications, each consist of 25 larvae. The dosage concentrations of leaves exctract used were (in ppm): 200.0, 175.0, 150.0, 125.0, 100.0, 75.0, 50.0, 25.0 , and 0 (control). Third instars were used, with different variation in dosage after 24 hours of exposure and under standard condition in the laboratory. The different larval mortality were recorded were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significant difference between F calculated> Ftable (25.138>15.507) and LC50 values were determined using dosage mortality probit regression analyses Letal Concentration (LC50 ) of extract from Annona Muricata’s leaves is 101.662ppm.The extract of Annona muricata leaves have larvacidal activity against Aedes aegypti in a laboratory setting. Increase in the dosage concentration of the extract also have shown linear increase in the mortality of the larvae derived from the probit graph.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti-larvisidal-dengue- Annona Muricata(daun)-ekstrak